Abstract: A method of manufacturing a doped polycrystalline ceramic optical device includes mixing a plurality of transition metal complexes and a plurality of rare-earth metal complexes to form a metal salt solution, heating the metal salt solution to form a heated metal salt solution, mixing the heated metal salt solution and an organic precursor to induce a chemical reaction between the heated metal salt solution and the organic precursor to produce a plurality of rare-earth doped crystalline nanoparticles, and sintering the plurality of rare-earth doped nanoparticles to form a doped polycrystalline ceramic optical device having a rare-earth element dopant that is uniformly distributed within a crystal lattice of the doped polycrystalline ceramic optical device.

Abstract: There is provided a system for analyzing and controlling a productivity of a drilling apparatus. The exemplary system includes a processor and a memory including instructions that cause the processor to perform certain operations. The operations can include receiving information from a control system of the drilling apparatus and determining a key performance metric based on the information. The operations can further include performing a comparison between the key performance metric and at least one other key performance metric. Furthermore, the operations can further include instructing, based on the comparison, the control system to alter the productivity of the drilling apparatus.

Abstract: A technique for processing ancient, heritage and modern wheat, grains, seeds, beans, legumes, tuber and root vegetables create baking flours suitable for human consumption. The initial ingredient is incubated to initiate germination and activate internal enzymes and nutrient production for useful enzymes, proteins and nutrients. Germination is terminated and the product wet-milled to fracture or shear the outer hull, exposing the inner grain. The product is mixed with water at varying temperatures during which amylase is added. The mixture is incubated to facilitate saccharification of starches into sugars by the amylase enzymes. The mixture is pasteurized to denature the amylases and the mash pressed and/or strained to separate the liquid and solids. The solid phase is dried and milled into higher fiber, high protein, low carbohydrate flour. The liquid is carbohydrate-rich with substantial fiber, protein and other nutrients dissolved in the solution.

Abstract: A quantum memory system includes a chalcogenide optical fiber link, a magnetic field generation unit and a pump laser. The chalcogenide optical fiber link includes a photon receiving end opposite a photon output end and is positioned within a magnetic field of the magnetic field generation unit when the magnetic field generation unit generates the magnetic field. The pump laser is optically coupled to the photon receiving end of the chalcogenide optical fiber link. The chalcogenide optical fiber link includes a core doped with a rare-earth element dopant. The rare-earth element dopant is configured to absorb a storage photon traversing the chalcogenide optical fiber link upon receipt of a first pump pulse output by the pump laser. Further, the rare-earth element dopant is configured to release the storage photon upon receipt of a second pump pulse output by the pump laser.

Abstract: A reactor having a shell comprising: one or more reactor tubes located within the shell, said reactor tube or tubes comprising a plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst; means for providing a heat transfer fluid to the reactor shell such that the heat transfer fluid contacts the tube or tubes; an inlet for providing reactants to the reactor tubes; and an outlet for recovering products from the reactor tubes; wherein the plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst within a tube comprises catalyst receptacles containing catalyst of at least two configurations.

Abstract: Response delay associated with a state-based client-server application can be reduced with utilization of an application state server-side cache. A server caches data for a set of one or more possible states of a client-server application that may follow a current state of the application. The server rapidly responds to a client request with data that corresponds to an appropriate new state of the application in accordance with the application state server-side cache. The server determines that the application will transition to the appropriate new state from the current state of the application with the application state server-side cache based, at least in part, on an operation indicated by the client request.

Abstract: A client updates a display of a user interface associated with a state-based client-server application in accordance with a client-side cache. The server supplies data for a new state and additional data for one or more subsequent states that possibly follow the new state if appropriate one or more operations are performed. When a client request is generated that indicates an operation that causes the application to transition to the new state, the client updates the display in accordance with the data that corresponds to the new state from the client-side cache, if available from the client-side cache. The new state data is available since the server has previously supplied the new state data.

Abstract: A quantum memory system includes a chalcogenide optical fiber link, a magnetic field generation unit and a pump laser. The chalcogenide optical fiber link includes a photon receiving end opposite a photon output end and is positioned within a magnetic field of the magnetic field generation unit when the magnetic field generation unit generates the magnetic field. The pump laser is optically coupled to the photon receiving end of the chalcogenide optical fiber link. The chalcogenide optical fiber link includes a core doped with a rare-earth element dopant. The rare-earth element dopant is configured to absorb a storage photon traversing the chalcogenide optical fiber link upon receipt of a first pump pulse output by the pump laser. Further, the rare-earth element dopant is configured to release the storage photon upon receipt of a second pump pulse output by the pump laser.

Abstract: In a process for carrying out a chemical reaction gaseous reactants are supplied to a first reaction zone including a first catalyst having a first particle equivalent diameter. The first reaction zone is operated such that when the reactants are contacted with the first catalyst a portion of the reactants is converted to the desired product. An intermediate stream of unreacted reactants and the desired product is removed and passed to a second reaction zone including a tubular reactor. Tubes of the reactor are catalyst carriers containing a second catalyst having a second particle equivalent diameter smaller than the first particle equivalent diameter. The second reaction zone is operated such that when the unreacted reactants are contacted with the second catalyst, at least some of the unreacted reactants are converted to the desired product. A product stream is then recovered. Apparatus for carrying out the process is also described.

Abstract: In a process for carrying out a chemical reaction gaseous reactants are supplied to a first reaction zone including a first catalyst having a first particle equivalent diameter. The first reaction zone is operated such that when the reactants are contacted with the first catalyst a portion of the reactants is converted to the desired product. An intermediate stream of unreacted reactants and the desired product is removed and passed to a second reaction zone including a tubular reactor. Tubes of the reactor are catalyst carriers containing a second catalyst having a second particle equivalent diameter smaller than the first particle equivalent diameter. The second reaction zone is operated such that when the unreacted reactants are contacted with the second catalyst, at least some of the unreacted reactants are converted to the desired product. A product stream is then recovered. Apparatus for carrying out the process is also described.

Abstract: A quantum key generation system including two photon detector units, two photon entanglement chains extending between the two photon detector units, and a plurality of multicore fiber links each including at least two non-uniform cores structurally configured to provide non-uniform photon propagation delay. Each photon entanglement chain includes at least one quantum repeater structurally configured to entangle a pair of photons and first and second terminating quantum memories optically coupled the quantum repeater using the multicore fiber links such that photons received by the first and the second terminating quantum memories are entangled with photons entangled by the quantum repeater.

Abstract: A quantum memory system includes a chalcogenide optical fiber link, a magnetic field generation unit and a pump laser. The chalcogenide optical fiber link includes a photon receiving end opposite a photon output end and is positioned within a magnetic field of the magnetic field generation unit when the magnetic field generation unit generates the magnetic field. The pump laser is optically coupled to the photon receiving end of the chalcogenide optical fiber link. The chalcogenide optical fiber link includes a core doped with a rare-earth element dopant. The rare-earth element dopant is configured to absorb a storage photon traversing the chalcogenide optical fiber link upon receipt of a first pump pulse output by the pump laser. Further, the rare-earth element dopant is configured to release the storage photon upon receipt of a second pump pulse output by the pump laser.

Abstract: Response delay associated with a state-based client-server application can be reduced with utilization of an application state server-side cache. A server caches data for a set of one or more possible states of a client-server application that may follow a current state of the application. The server rapidly responds to a client request with data that corresponds to an appropriate new state of the application in accordance with the application state server-side cache. The server determines that the application will transition to the appropriate new state from the current state of the application with the application state server-side cache based, at least in part, on an operation indicated by the client request.

Abstract: In a process for recovering water, metals, soluble organics and insoluble organics from a process for the production of a polycarboxylic acid, the stream is cooled to a temperature at which dissolved organics precipitate. The precipitate organics are separated from a liquid stream and recycled to the production process. The liquid stream is then treated with an alkali to convert remaining organics to the alkali salt form and the metals present to be converted to an insoluble form. The insoluble metals are recovered from a liquid stream and this liquid stream, with the alkali salts of the organics, is passed to a membrane separation unit where it is separated into a permeate comprising water and a retentate comprising water and alkali organic salts. The permeate is recovered and recycled to the production process. The retentate also is recovered.

Abstract: In a reactor tube in which a plurality of catalyst carriers are disposed, each catalyst carrier is an annular container having a perforated inner wall defining a tube, a perforated outer wall, a top surface closing the annular container and a bottom surface closing the annular container. A surface closes the bottom of the tube and a skirt extends upwardly from the perforated outer wall of the annular container from a position at or near the bottom surface of the container. A seal is located at or near the top surface and extends outward from the container beyond an outer edge of the skirt. The reactor tube additionally includes a temperature measuring device configured to measure the temperature in two or more catalyst carriers within the reactor tube.

Abstract: A control unit disposed in the cab of an off-road vehicle includes a user interface; an attitude and heading reference system and a housing. The attitude and heading reference system includes a processor and at least one of a positioning receiver, magnetometer, compass, gyro and accelerometer electrically connected to the processor. The housing is sized to be fittingly received in a pre-existing DIN slot in the cab of the off-road vehicle.

Abstract: In a process for recovering water, metals, soluble organics and insoluble organics from a process for the production of a polycarboxylic acid, the stream is cooled to a temperature at which dissolved organics precipitate. The precipitate organics are separated from a liquid stream and recycled to the production process. The liquid stream is then treated with an alkali to convert remaining organics to the alkali salt form and the metals present to be converted to an insoluble form. The insoluble metals are recovered from a liquid stream and this liquid stream, with the alkali salts of the organics, is passed to a membrane separation unit where it is separated into a permeate comprising water and a retentate comprising water and alkali organic salts. The permeate is recovered and recycled to the production process. The retentate also is recovered.

Abstract: A client updates a display of a user interface associated with a state-based client-server application in accordance with a client-side cache. The server supplies data for a new state and additional data for one or more subsequent states that possibly follow the new state if appropriate one or more operations are performed. When a client request is generated that indicates an operation that causes the application to transition to the new state, the client updates the display in accordance with the data that corresponds to the new state from the client-side cache, if available from the client-side cache. The new state data is available since the server has previously supplied the new state data.

Abstract: A quantum key generation system including two photon detector units, two photon entanglement chains extending between the two photon detector units, and a plurality of multicore fiber links each including at least two non-uniform cores structurally configured to provide non-uniform photon propagation delay. Each photon entanglement chain includes at least one quantum repeater structurally configured to entangle a pair of photons and first and second terminating quantum memories optically coupled the quantum repeater using the multicore fiber links such that photons received by the first and the second terminating quantum memories are entangled with photons entangled by the quantum repeater.

Abstract: In a reaction vessel for the purification of crude aromatic carboxylic acid, a bed of hydrogenation catalyst having a vapor space is located above the hydrogenation catalyst bed. A packed bed and a holdup section are located within the vapor space and spaced above the catalyst bed. The reaction vessel has means for introducing crude aromatic carboxylic acid and means for introducing hydrogen to the reaction vessel at respective locations such that in use the crude carboxylic acid contacts the hydrogen in the packed bed. The reaction vessel also has means for removing purified aromatic carboxylic acid.