Abstract: Provided are structures and methods for doping polycrystalline thin film semiconductor materials in photovoltaic devices. Embodiments include methods for forming and treating a photovoltaic semiconductor absorber layer.

Abstract: Provided are structures and methods for doping polycrystalline thin film semiconductor materials in photovoltaic devices. Embodiments include methods for forming and treating a photovoltaic semiconductor absorber layer.

Abstract: Provided are structures and methods for doping polycrystalline thin film semiconductor materials in photovoltaic devices. Embodiments include methods for forming and treating a photovoltaic semiconductor absorber layer.

Abstract: Provided are structures and methods for doping polycrystalline thin film semiconductor materials in photovoltaic devices. Embodiments include methods for forming and treating a photovoltaic semiconductor absorber layer.

Abstract: Provided are structures and methods for doping polycrystalline thin film semiconductor materials in photovoltaic devices. Embodiments include methods for forming and treating a photovoltaic semiconductor absorber layer.

Abstract: A bottom discharge ESP is disposed within a pod casing. The pod casing is adapted to connect to and support the weight of downstream tailpipe tubing sections so the ESP does not have to support the same. The ESP may be suspended within the pod interior space by a supporting tube disposed above the ESP and extending into the pod interior space. The ESP includes a discharge tube with a seal assembly that engages a seal bore formed in the bottom end of the pod and cooperating with an interior surface of the tailpipe tubing to convey pumped injection fluid downward to the tailpipe tubing. Part of the pod casing may be perforated to allow injection fluid to flow into the pod interior space. Alternatively, perforated tubing joints or sliding sleeves may be provided on an upper tube to permit flow of injection fluid to the interior of the pod.

Abstract: A bottom discharge ESP is disposed within a pod casing. The pod casing is adapted to connect to and support the weight of downstream tailpipe tubing sections so the ESP does not have to support the same. The ESP may be suspended within the pod interior space by a supporting tube disposed above the ESP and extending into the pod interior space. The ESP includes a discharge tube with a seal assembly that engages a seal bore formed in the bottom end of the pod and cooperating with an interior surface of the tailpipe tubing to convey pumped injection fluid downward to the tailpipe tubing. Part of the pod casing may be perforated to allow injection fluid to flow into the pod interior space. Alternatively, perforated tubing joints or sliding sleeves may be provided on an upper tube to permit flow of injection fluid to the interior of the pod.

Abstract: A reflectometry method and apparatus for gathering meaningful reflectance data indicative of one or more characteristics of a substance being grown on a horizontal substrate within a reaction chamber. The apparatus includes an external light source which shines light into the chamber through an opening having a shutter for selectively permitting or preventing the light from passing in and out of the chamber through the opening. A detector receives light that reflects off the substance and exits the chamber through the opening. During operation, the substrate is rotated about an axis substantially normal to the growing plane within the reaction chamber to ensure uniform deposition of the substance thereon. The shutter momentarily opens in synchronicity with the speed of revolution of the substrate such that substantially the same discrete area of the growing substance is illuminated so as to eliminate the effects of precession on the measurements.