Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for determining a systolic pulmonary artery pressure index (PAPi) corresponding to pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and/or right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) use lead-based electronic sensors detecting right heart valvular events. Suitable sensors include impedance sensors, accelerometers, cardiomechanical electric sensors, and sonomicrometers.

Abstract: A system and method are described for automatically detecting diaphragmatic stimulation (DS) based on evoked response signals, electrogram data and/or thoracic impedance measurements. In addition, several optional modalities are described to circumvent this problem and alleviate symptoms related to DS while preserving LV pacing.

Abstract: What are described herein are implantable cardiac devices such as pacemakers and defibrillators that deliver cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), and to a method of optimizing acquisition of impedance signals between electrodes present on implanted lead systems. This system then automatically determines which electrodes or electrode combinations acquire impedance waveforms that have the best signal to noise ratio (highest fidelity) and characterize data most representative of dysynchronous electro-mechanical events. Using closed loop algorithms which provide electrograms and a variety of impedance data reflective of the patient's clinical status, the system autonomously modifies interval timing within the CRT device.