Abstract: A biosensor includes a first base member and a parallel second base member disposed in a parallel and spaced relationship. At least one electrically conductive layer is deposited onto a facing surface of each of the first and second base members at respective first and second conductive regions. The first conductive region includes at least one layer made from a first electrically conductive material and the second conductive region includes at least one layer made from a second electrically conductive material, which is different from the first electrically conductive material. The first electrically conductive material is a precious metal with the first conductive regions of the biosensor defining cofacial electrodes and in which the second electrically conductive layer(s) is configured to electrically connect the cofacial electrodes to a test meter.

Abstract: A method of improving at least one of the following in an individual: lean mass, muscle strength, cognition, systemic inflammation levels, blood cholesterol levels, blood triglyceride levels and glucose tolerance is provided, comprising administering to the individual a multi-nutrient composition a protein, creatine, vitamin D, calcium and an n-3 fatty acid.

Abstract: A method of improving at least one of the following in an individual: lean mass, muscle strength, cognition, systemic inflammation levels, blood cholesterol levels, blood triglyceride levels and glucose tolerance is provided, comprising administering to the individual a multi-nutrient composition a protein, creatine, vitamin D, calcium and an n-3 fatty acid.

Abstract: A method of improving at least one of the following in an individual: lean mass, muscle strength, cognition, systemic inflammation levels, blood cholesterol levels, blood triglyceride levels and glucose tolerance is provided, comprising administering to the individual a multi-nutrient composition a protein, creatine, vitamin D, calcium and an n-3 fatty acid.

Abstract: An electrochemical-based analytical test strip (“TS”) for the determination of an analyte in a bodily fluid sample includes an electrically insulating substrate, a patterned conductor layer disposed over the electrically-insulating substrate and having an analyte working electrode (“WE”), a bare interferent electrode (“IE”) and a shared counter/reference electrode (“CE”). The TS also includes a patterned insulation layer (“PIL”) with an electrode exposure slot configured to expose the WE, IE and CE, an enzymatic reagent layer disposed on the WE and CE, and a patterned spacer layer (“PSL”). The PIL and the PSL define a sample receiving chamber with a sample-receiving opening. The IE and the CE constitute a first electrode pair configured for measurement of an interferent electrochemical response and the WE and the CE constitute a second electrode pair configured for measurement of an analyte electrochemical response. The WE and the IE are electrically isolated from one another.

Abstract: An electrochemical-based analytical test strip (“EBAT”) for the determination of an analyte in a bodily fluid sample includes an electrically insulating substrate layer with a distal end and a patterned conductor layer that is disposed over the electrically-insulating substrate layer and has a working electrode (“WE”) and a counter/reference electrode (“C/RE”). The EBAT also includes a patterned insulation layer with an electrode exposure window configured to expose a WE exposed portion and a C/RE exposed portion, an enzymatic reagent layer; and a patterned spacer layer. The patterned insulation layer and the patterned spacer layer define a sample receiving chamber with a sample-receiving opening (“SRO”) at the distal end of the electrically insulating substrate layer and that extends across the WE exposed portion and the C/RE exposed portion. Furthermore, the enzymatic reagent layer is disposed over the WE and C/RE exposed portions and extends no more than 400 ?m toward the SRO.