Abstract: Disclosed herein are stages for a disinfection apparatus. Each stage may include one or more emitters configured to emit electromagnetic energy (e.g., ultraviolet light or infrared light or both) upon a fluid flow and/or one or more filters configured to filter the fluid flow. Also disclosed herein are disinfection apparatuses and methods for imparting electromagnetic energy upon a fluid flow. In some variations, the disinfection apparatus includes emitters configured to emit ultraviolet light or infrared light or both upon the fluid flow. A filter of the disinfection apparatus is configured to filter the fluid flow. A body of the disinfection apparatus defines a tortuous flow path delineating at least two turns such that the fluid flow changes direction at least twice as the fluid flow proceeds through the tortuous flow path.

Abstract: An environmentally resilient building product of a vinyl laminated formed-sheet metallic substrate wherein the vinyl laminate is adhesively attached to the formed-sheet metallic substrate to provide a durable and attractive surface. Possible decorative and resilient surfaces include, but are not limited to solid colors, metallic finishes, and graphical images or patterns, all available in a variety of textures.

Abstract: A method and a liquid scintillation counter for measuring a sample, a mixture of the specimen to be analysed and a scintillator, in a liquid scintillation counter where the sample (14) is measured with two photo multiplier tubes (23, 24) situated on different sides of the sample. The photo multiplier tubes situated on different sides of the sample operate in coincidence. Asymmetric samples are measured in such a way that the counting efficiency is measured with the photo multiplier tubes (23, 24) operating in coincidence ad calculated using the amount of coincidence pulses, whereas the amplitude and the pulse height distribution are measured only with one photo multiplier tube (23 or 24).