Abstract: A process for obtaining hydroxylammonium salts from aqueous solutions containing hydroxylammonium salts in mixture with ammonium and/or sodium salts. Said solutions are contacted with a water immiscible organic solution containing a cation exchange compound of structure R.sub.1 COOX, or (R.sub.2 O)(R.sub.3 O)POOX, or (R.sub.2 O)PO(OX).sub.2, or mixtures thereof and optionally an additive of structure R.sub.4 R.sub.5 R.sub.6 PO, or (R.sub.4 O)(R.sub.5 O)(R.sub.6 O)PO, or mixtures thereof, wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group of from twelve to twenty carbon atoms, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are alkyl groups of from six to eighteen carbon atoms, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are alkyl groups of from three to twelve carbon atoms, and X is H, Na or NH.sub.4, whereby hydroxylammonium ions are preferentially extracted from the aqueous phase in exchange for X from the organic phase.

Abstract: A process for separating hydroxylamine from an aqueous solution thereof also containing salts of cations whose corresponding free bases have base dissociation constants greater than 10.sup.-7. Said solution is brought to a pH of 6-11 and is passed through a bed of strongly ionic exchange resin loaded with compensating ions whereby hydroxylamine is retained in the gel volume of the resin bed and the ions in solution are substantially excluded from the resin. The ionic salts accordingly move faster through the bed and predominate in a first effluent fraction and the hydroxylamine appears predominantly in a later effluent fraction. Hydroxylammonium salts can be crystallized from the effluent hydroxylamine solution after addition of a stoichiometric amount of an appropriate acid.

Abstract: An improved process is described for preparing solutions or slurries of aromatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides in high purity, particularly terephthaloyl chloride, useful as an acylating agent for making polyesters from bisphenols, by adding an aromatic dicarboxylic acid to a liquid medium of phosgene in an inert chlorinated paraffinic hydrocarbon solvent, at a temperature of about 10.degree. to 50.degree. C, wherein at least 1.02 equivalents of a weak tertiary amine base per equivalent of carboxylic acid group is present in the reaction mixture throughout the reaction period, whereby a yield of dicarboxylic acid chloride of at least about 90% of theory, based on the total dicarboxylic acid employed in the reaction, is obtained.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing metal alkyl carbonates, useful as carboxylating agents, which comprises reacting an inorganic metal salt with an aliphatic monohydric alcohol containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms and carbon dioxide under substantially anhydrous conditions in the presence of a solid acid acceptor, said alcohol being employed in sufficient amount to form a solution of the resulting metal alkyl carbonate in the alcohol.

Abstract: A complex containing three moles of alpha-amino-e-caprolactam and one mol of magnesium chloride, as such or containing also one mol of ethanol or isopropanol. The complex is useful for resolution of the alpha-amino-e-caprolactam optical isomers, in supersaturated solution containing ethanol, isopropanol, or methanol by contacting such solution with crystals of the complex.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing .alpha.-chloro-.epsilon.-caprolactam, an intermediate for the synthesis of L-lysine, comprising reacting an N-substituted -.alpha.-chloro-.epsilon.-caprolactam, wherein the N-substituent is an organic radical selected from the group consisting of arylsulfonyl, aroyl and alkanoyl radicals, with .epsilon.-caprolactam at a temperature within the range of about 50.degree. to about 250.degree. C to form .alpha.-chloro-.epsilon.-caprolactam and an N-substituted-.epsilon.-caprolactam. A continuous process is also described for the production of .alpha.-chloro-.epsilon.-caprolactam further comprising the chlorination of N-substituted-.epsilon.-caprolactam to produce N-substituted-.alpha.-chloro-.epsilon.-caprolactam.

Abstract: Resolution of .alpha.-amino-.epsilon.-caprolactam with simultaneous racemization of the undesired D-.alpha.-amino-.epsilon.-caprolactam enantiomer is effected by forming a coordinately saturated .alpha.-amino-.epsilon.-caprolactam complex with NiCl.sub.2, preferably crystallizing the L-.alpha.-amino-.epsilon.-caprolactam complex in the presence of fine seed crystals of L-.alpha.-amino-.epsilon.-caprolactam complex of NiCl.sub.2 and catalytic amounts of a strong base selected from the alkoxides or hydroxides of Ni(II) and recovering L-.alpha.-amino-.epsilon.-caprolactam hydrochloride from the crystalline product.

Abstract: Resolution of .alpha.-amino-.epsilon.-caprolactam with simultaneous racemization of the undesired .alpha.-aminocaprolactam enantiomer is effected by preferentially crystallizing the L- (or D-) .alpha.-amino-caprolactam compound in the presence of a racemization catalyst. In a narrower embodiment racemization of .alpha.-amino-.epsilon.-caprolactam is effected by alternate routes of forming a coordinately saturated aminolactam-metal complex and reacting with a strong base or reacting a mixture of an aminolactam salt and aminolactam free base with a chelating carbonyl compound and a metal ion or reacting a mixture of an aminolactam salt and aminolactam free base in the presence of a salen derivative complex.

Abstract: Lysine dihydrochloride solution, formed by the hydrolysis of .alpha.-amino-.epsilon.-caprolactam, is converted to crystalline lysine monohydrochloride by neutralization with .alpha.-amino-.epsilon.-caprolactam or a transition metal complex thereof and crystallization from the solution with an organic solvent. After removal of the precipitated lysine monohydrochloride, the remaining solution is fractionated and that fraction consisting essentially of the by-product of the neutralization may be recycled to ensure recovery of substantially all the desired product and utilization of all processing agents.

Abstract: Cyclo-olefins are converted in high yield to the corresponding chloro-nitroso dimers by dissolving the cyclo-olefin in liquid SO.sub.2 and contacting with NOCl while maintaining a substantially oxygen-free environment. Even higher yields are attained by controlling the gradual addition of the NOCl and by using a molar ratio of NOCl to cyclo-olefin of less than about 0.92:1.