Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for culturing stem cell using biomaterial shell, e.g. fertilized zebrafish chorions, which may induce formation of embryonic bodies, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation to other types effectively inside the chorions without adding any inducing agents or cell differentiation stimulants. There is provided an apparatus for culturing stem cell using biomaterial shell comprising: a microwell layer having a plurality of microwells; a microhole layer having a plurality of microholes, the microhole layer being located under the microwell layer, diameter of the microholes being smaller than diameter of the microwells and diameter of the biomaterial shell; and a flow-channel layer having a plurality of flow-channels for supplying cell medium to the microholes, the flow-channel layer being located under the microhole layer, and wherein the stem cell is encapsulated by the biomaterial shell in the microwell.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a capacitor of a semiconductor element including: forming a bottom electrode of the capacitor on a semiconductor substrate; performing rapid thermal nitrification (RTN) on the upper surface of the bottom electrode; performing a thermal process on the obtained structure having the bottom electrode in a furnace under a nitride atmosphere to eliminate stress generated by the RTN; forming Al2O3 and HfO2 dielectric films on the nitrified bottom electrode; and forming a plate electrode of the capacitor on the Al2O3 and HfO2 dielectric films. The thermal process is performed after the RTN performed on the surface of the bottom electrode, so that stress, generated from the RTN, is alleviated, thereby allowing the capacitor to obtain a high capacitance and lowering leakage current.