Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing molybdenum oxide nanoparticles, including (a) preparing a precursor solution by dissolving a molybdenum salt in a first polar solvent, (b) generating an aerosol by applying ultrasonic waves to the precursor solution, and spraying the aerosol to a pre-heated reactor using a carrier gas, (c) obtaining molybdenum oxide micron-sized particles by pyrolyzing the aerosol, and (d) obtaining molybdenum oxide nanoparticles by dispersing the molybdenum oxide micron-sized particles in a second polar solvent and performing a solvothermal reduction reaction.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a composition for use in reforming is provided comprising a catalyst material comprising molybdenum dioxide and/or MO2 (where M=Mo, W, Ru, Re, Os, Ir) nanoparticles having an average particle size from about 2 nm to about 1,000 nm; and a substrate, wherein both the molybdenum dioxide and/or MO2 (where M=Mo, W, Ru, Re, Os, Ir) nanoparticles are substantially immobilized on the substrate. In another embodiment an anode for use in a fuel cell is provided comprising the forgoing composition. And in another embodiment a fuel cell is provided comprising the forgoing anode.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing molybdenum oxide nanoparticles, including (a) preparing a precursor solution by dissolving a molybdenum salt in a first polar solvent, (b) generating an aerosol by applying ultrasonic waves to the precursor solution, and spraying the aerosol to a pre-heated reactor using a carrier gas, (c) obtaining molybdenum oxide micron-sized particles by pyrolyzing the aerosol, and (d) obtaining molybdenum oxide nanoparticles by dispersing the molybdenum oxide micron-sized particles in a second polar solvent and performing a solvothermal reduction reaction.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a composition for use in reforming is provided comprising a catalyst material comprising molybdenum dioxide and/or MO2 (where M=Mo, W, Ru, Re, Os, Ir) nanoparticles having an average particle size from about 2 nm to about 1,000 nm; and a substrate, wherein both the molybdenum dioxide and/or MO2 (where M=Mo, W, Ru, Re, Os, Ir) nanoparticles are substantially immobilized on the substrate. In another embodiment an anode for use in a fuel cell is provided comprising the forgoing composition. And in another embodiment a fuel cell is provided comprising the forgoing anode.

Abstract: A passive direct organic fuel cell includes an organic fuel solution and is operative to produce at least 15 mW/cm2 when operating at room temperature. In additional aspects of the invention, fuel cells can include a gas remover configured to promote circulation of an organic fuel solution when gas passes through the solution, a modified carbon cloth, one or more sealants, and a replaceable fuel cartridge.

Abstract: An exemplary fuel cell of the invention includes a formic acid fuel solution in communication with an anode (12, 134), an oxidizer in communication with a cathode (16, 135) electrically linked to the anode, and an anode catalyst that includes Pd. An exemplary formic acid fuel cell membrane electrode assembly (130) includes a proton-conducting membrane (131) having opposing first (132) and second surfaces (133), a cathode catalyst on the second membrane surface, and an anode catalyst including Pd on the first surface.

Abstract: System and method for supporting an embedded software development methodology with quantitative process management are provided. The system and method support a development methodology for effectively defining, referring, and applying an embedded software development methodology that can economically and timely develop a high quality embedded software. Therefore, the system and method can support so that a quantitative approach may be possible for other embedded software development and management thereof afterward by managing techniques and criteria capable of analyzing information obtained through accumulation of quantitative project data related to the embedded software development.

Abstract: A passive direct organic fuel cell includes an organic fuel solution and is operative to produce at least 15 mW/cm2 when operating at room temperature. In additional aspects of the invention, fuel cells can include a gas remover configured to promote circulation of an organic fuel solution when gas passes through the solution, a modified carbon cloth, one or more sealants, and a replaceable fuel cartridge.