Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a semiconductor chip are provided. The methods may include providing a semiconductor substrate including integrated circuit regions and a cut region. The cut region may be between the integrated circuit regions. The methods may also include forming a modified layer by emitting a laser beam into the semiconductor substrate along the cut region, polishing an inactive surface of the semiconductor substrate to propagate a crack from the modified layer, and separating the integrated circuit regions along the crack. The cut region may include a plurality of multilayer metal patterns on an active surface of the semiconductor substrate, which is opposite to the inactive surface of the semiconductor substrate. The plurality of multilayer metal patterns may form a pyramid structure when viewed in cross section.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor chip capable of withstanding damage such as cracks created in the fabrication process. A semiconductor chip according to the inventive concept includes: a semiconductor substrate including a residual scribe lane surrounding a die region and a periphery of a die of the die region, a passivation layer covering a portion above the semiconductor substrate, a cover protection layer covering a portion of the passivation layer and the die region, and a cover protection layer formed integrally with a buffering protection layer covering a portion of the residual scribe lane, wherein the buffering protection layer includes a corner protection layer in contact with a portion of an edge adjacent to a corner of the semiconductor substrate, and an extending protection layer extending along the residual scribe lane from the corner protection layer and in contact with the cover protection layer.

Abstract: A method of testing a semiconductor integrated circuit including a one-time programmable (OTP) memory device is provided. A program command is transferred from a tester to the OTP memory device. Programming and a programming verification are performed with respect to OTP memory cells in the OTP memory device in response to the program command. The OTP device generates accumulated verification result signal by accumulating program verification results with respect to the OTP memory cells. The accumulated verification result signal is transferred from the OTP memory device to the tester.

Abstract: A method of testing a semiconductor integrated circuit including a one-time programmable (OTP) memory device is provided. A program command is transferred from a tester to the OTP memory device. Programming and a programming verification are performed with respect to OTP memory cells in the OTP memory device in response to the program command. The OTP device generates accumulated verification result signal by accumulating program verification results with respect to the OTP memory cells. The accumulated verification result signal is transferred from the OTP memory device to the tester.

Abstract: A method for providing pictures to a digital frame based on home networks is disclosed. A frame service server receives an image information message from user equipment which connects with a specific number. The frame service server grasps an IP of an RG installed in a home of a service destination by searching identification information included in the image information message at an RG identification table. The frame service server transmits the image information message including port number information to the IP of the RG, which is selected for informing the frame service. The RG transmits the image information to a digital frame so that the digital frame displays the image information.

Abstract: A method for providing pictures to a digital frame based on home networks is disclosed. A frame service server receives an image information message from user equipment which connects with a specific number. The frame service server grasps an IP of an RG installed in a home of a service destination by searching identification information included in the image information message at an RG identification table. The frame service server transmits the image information message including port number information to the IP of the RG, which is selected for informing the frame service. The RG transmits the image information to a digital frame so that the digital frame displays the image information.

Abstract: Anti-viral agents of formula (1) have been identified. Their preparation method is described. These 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid derivatives or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are useful in countering the proliferation of viruses such as hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel terephthalamide derivatives and in particular to novel terephthalamide derivatives of the following formula 1, its pharmaceutically acceptable salts as antiviral agents having remarkable inhibitory actions against the proliferation of various viruses including HIV and HBV, and preparing method thereof ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same as defined in the detailed description of the present invention.