Abstract: A method and system for a communication network architecture for passing multi-media data streams between two heterogeneous IP (Internet Protocol) networks, where the networks include a plurality of firewalls and NAT (Network Address Translation) devices. The architecture can include: (a) a session control server (b) a logger service to capture and to digitally store communication streams; (c) a network client service to initiate communication requests; (d) a network client service to receive communication requests; and (e) an administration service to control other network services and to monitor and log the communication quality and to generate communication traffic reports. The session control server can include: (f) a NAT device and firewall device traversal service; (g) a communication encryption service; (h) a bandwidth control service; (i) a quality monitoring service; (j) a proxy server ; (k) a registrar server; and any defined services in the architecture.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing of a photodiode is provided. The photodiode is formed on a substrate of a first conductive type. First, an isolation structure is formed in the substrate to define a photosensitive area in the substrate. Thereafter, trenches are formed in the substrate. Next, a doped layer of a second conductive type is formed on the substrate. The doped layer covers at least the inner wall of the trenches and a top portion of the substrate. The method of fabricating the photodiode can reduce overall processing time and cost and improve production efficiency.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a non-volatile memory cell includes forming a bottom dielectric layer and a charge trapping layer on a substrate sequentially. The electron trapping layer is patterned to form a trench exposing a portion of the bottom dielectric layer. A top dielectric layer is formed over the substrate and covers the electron trapping layer and the exposed bottom dielectric layer. A conductive layer is then formed on the top dielectric layer. The conductive layer, the top dielectric layer, the electron trapping layer and the bottom dielectric layer are patterned to form a stacked structure, wherein a width of the stacked structure is larger than a width of the trench. A source/drain region is formed in the substrate adjacent to the edges of the stacked structure. Because the electron trapping layer of the memory cell is divided into two isolation structures according to the invention, it is adapted for the integration of devices and for long-time operation.

Abstract: A transmission system for network with communication quality indicating capability and the method of the same, which is capable of providing real-time communication quality and display thereof at a station of the system.

Abstract: A composition for preventing or treating the opioid induced side effect, inhibition of gastrointestinal motility is disclosed. The composition comprises methylnaltrexone or another quaternary derivative of noroxymorphone administered to a patient prior to the administration of an opioid or after the onset of side effects induced by the administration of an opioid, wherein the methylnaltrexone or quaternary derivative is administered orally in an enterically coated form.

Abstract: A method of treating constipation in a patient who has been chronically taking opioids, the method comprising orally administering a quaternary derivative of noroxymorphone in an amount sufficient to achieve laxation.

Abstract: A method of inducing Taxation in a patient who has been chronically taking opioids, the method comprising orally administering a quaternary derivative of noroxymorphone in an sufficient amount.

Abstract: A method of inducing laxation in a patient who has been chronically taking opioids, the method comprising administering a quaternary derivative of noroxymorphone in an amount sufficient to prevent or treat the side effect in the patient, but which amount would be insufficient to treat a patient with the same opioid-induced side effect who had not chronically been administered opioids.

Abstract: A method of preventing or treating constipation in a patient who has been chronically taking opioids, the method comprising administering a quaternary derivative of noroxymorphone in an amount sufficient to prevent or treat the side effect in the patient, but which amount would be insufficient to treat a patient with the same opioid-induced side effect who had not chronically been administered opioids.

Abstract: A method of preventing or treating an opioid-induced side effect in a patient who has been chronically taking opioids, the method comprising administering a quaternary derivative of noroxymorphone in an amount sufficient to prevent or treat the side effect in the patient, but which amount would be insufficient to treat a patient with the same opioid-induced side effect who had not chronically been administered opioids.

Abstract: A method of preventing or treating an opioid-induced side effect in a patient who has been chronically taking opioids, the method comprising administering a quaternary derivative of noroxymorphone in an amount sufficient to prevent or treat the side effect in the patient, but which amount would be insufficient to treat a patient with the same opioid-induced side effect who had not chronically been administered opioids.

Abstract: A method for preventing or treating opioid induced changes in gastrointestinal motility. The method comprises administering methylnaltrexone or another quaternary derivative of noroxymorphone to a patient prior to the administration of an opioid or after the onset of side effects induced by the administration of an opioid, wherein the methylnaltrexone or quaternary derivative is administered orally in an enterically coated form.

Abstract: A method of preventing or treating an opioid-induced side effect in a patient who has been chronically taking opioids, the method comprising administering a quaternary derivative of noroxymorphone in an amount sufficient to prevent or treat the side effect in the patient, but which amount would be insufficient to treat a patient with the same opioid-induced side effect who had not chronically been administered opioids.

Abstract: A method for preventing or treating opioid induced side effects including changes in gastrointestinal motility. The method comprises administering methylnaltrexone or another quaternary derivative of noroxymorphone to a patient prior to the administration of an opioid or after the onset of side effects induced by the administration of an opioid, wherein the methylnaltrexone or quaternary derivative is administered orally in an enterically coated form.

Abstract: Methods for treating opioid-induced immune suppression with peripheral opioid antagonists are provided. In one embodiment, the method involves administering methylnaltrexone. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising an opioid, an opioid antagonist, and a pharmaceutical agent are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for the use in treating type 2 diabetes and obesity. More specifically, the invention relates to the methods of screening for the active compound from berries from plants of the Panax genus that decreases blood glucose and decreases body weight. It is contemplated that the active compound may comprise a ginsenoside or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method of forming a dual damascene structure. A first organic low dielectric constant dielectric layer, a heat diffusion layer and a second organic low dielectric constant dielectric layer are formed sequentially over a substrate. A first mask layer having a via opening pattern and a second mask layer having a trench pattern are formed sequentially over the second organic. The second organic low dielectric constant dielectric layer exposed by the via opening pattern is etched using the first mask layer as a hard mask layer. The heat diffusion layer exposed by the first mask layer and the via opening in the trench region are removed using the second mask layer and the second organic low dielectric constant dielectric layer as masks. Hence, the trench pattern and the via opening pattern are transferred to the first mask layer and the heat diffusion layer, respectively.

Abstract: A method for preventing or treating opioid induced side effects including changes in gastrointestinal motility. The method comprises administering methylnaltrexone or another quaternary derivative of noroxymorphone to a patient prior to the administration of an opioid or after the onset of side effects induced by the administration of an opioid, wherein the methylnaltrexone or quaternary derivative is administered orally in an enterically coated form.

Abstract: A method for preventing or treating the opioid induced side effect, inhibition of gastrointestinal motility is disclosed. The method comprises administering methylnaltrexone or another quaternary derivative of noroxymorphone to a patient prior to the administration of an opioid or after the onset of side effects induced by the administration of an opioid, wherein the methylnaltrexone or quaternary derivative is administered orally in an enterically coated form.

Abstract: A substrate board structure formed by stacking a plurality of circuit layers and insulation layers on top of each other. Each circuit layer has a plurality of circuit lines and every circuit layer is separated from its neighbors by an insulation layer. The insulation layers further have a plurality of vias for connecting electrically with an electroplating bar layer. The interior surface of each via is electroplated with a metal film and the remaining space within the via is filled with a filler material. The substrate board further includes a central slot. The circuit layer on the surface of the substrate board has a plurality of first contact points and second contact points connected by circuit lines. The first contact points are close to the slot. Circuit lines that connect to the first contact points extend forward to reach the vias along the edge of the slot. Since the vias are formed on the boundary of the slot region, a portion of the metallic film within the vias is exposed.