Abstract: Provided in the present application are a method for treating a semiconductor substrate layer and a method for preparing a solar cell. The method for treating a semiconductor substrate layer comprises a step of providing a monocrystalline silicon wafer, a step of spraying a diffusion liquid onto a surface of the monocrystalline silicon wafer, and a step of annealing the monocrystalline silicon wafer, and further comprises subjecting the monocrystalline silicon wafer to a surface oxidation treatment before spraying the diffusion liquid onto the surface of the monocrystalline silicon wafer, wherein the surface oxidation treatment is used for improving the lyophilicity of the surface of the monocrystalline silicon wafer to the diffusion liquid, so as to improve the uniformity of the annealing treatment of the monocrystalline silicon wafer.

Abstract: A data processing method, system and device, and a medium are provided. The method comprises: receiving a data stream; dicing the data stream to obtain a plurality of segmented data blocks; respectively calculating verification information corresponding to the plurality of segmented data blocks; and sending the segmented data blocks and the corresponding check information as a target logic block to a storage device.

Abstract: A heterojunction solar cell and a preparation method therefor. The heterojunction solar cell comprises: a semiconductor substrate layer; and a back composite transparent conductive film located on one side of the semiconductor substrate layer. The back surface composite transparent conductive film comprises: a first back surface transparent conductive film; and a second back transparent conductive film located on the side surface of the first back transparent conductive film facing away from the semiconductor substrate layer. Both the first back transparent conductive film and the second back transparent conductive film are doped with group III heavy atoms, and the concentration of the group III heavy atoms in the second back transparent conductive film is less than that of the group III heavy atoms in the first back transparent conductive film.

Abstract: A heterojunction cell and a method for preparing same. The heterojunction cell comprises: a semiconductor substrate layer; and an intrinsic semiconductor composite layer, wherein the intrinsic semiconductor composite layer is located on the surface of at least one side of the semiconductor substrate layer, and the intrinsic semiconductor composite layer comprises: a bottom intrinsic layer; and a wide-band-gap intrinsic layer, which is located on the surface of the side of the bottom intrinsic layer that is away from the semiconductor substrate layer, the band gap of the wide-band-gap intrinsic layer being greater than the band gap of the bottom intrinsic layer. The band gap of a wide-band-gap intrinsic layer is larger, and when sunlight irradiates a heterojunction cell, photons, the energy of which is less than that of the band gap of the wide-band-gap intrinsic layer, cannot be subjected to parasitic absorption.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a road information correction method, apparatus, and system based on vehicle-to-everything (V2X). The method includes: sending a road information map to a first vehicle, such that the first vehicle obtains first original road information by using the road information map, and collects real-time road information; receiving the real-time road information uploaded by the first vehicle; determining, according to the real-time road information, whether the stored first original road information needs to be corrected; and if yes, correcting the stored first original road information according to the real-time road information; otherwise, not correcting the stored first original road information.

Abstract: A power converter box and at least one junction box are integrated on a backplane of the photovoltaic module as a whole, and there is a cable for connecting the power converter and the junction box. In this case, relative to the conventional technology in which a junction box is independent of a power converter, a length of a cable used when the junction box and the power converter box are taken as a whole is shorter than a length of a cable used in the conventional technology. In this case, compared with the conventional technology in which a cable is connected to an independently placed power converter, the power converter only needs to establish a connection relationship by using a solder ribbon, a circuit board cable, and the like with low costs, so that production costs are low.

Abstract: Disclosed are a vehicle guidance method, apparatus, and system for a freeway. The method includes: responsive to a detection a driving speed of a vehicle in a monitored road section is less than a preset proportion of an average driving speed of the monitored road section, determining the vehicle that the driving speed thereof is less than the preset proportion of the average driving speed as an abnormal vehicle, and determining a lane in which the abnormal vehicle is located as an abnormal lane; determining, according to an average driving speed and a traffic density of each lane in the monitored road section, whether there is a congestion risk; responsive to a determination that there is the congestion risk, obtaining a respective guidance scheme of each vehicle in each lane; and sending the respective guidance scheme to each vehicle.

Abstract: A power converter box and at least one junction box are integrated on a backplane of the photovoltaic module as a whole, and there is a cable for connecting the power converter and the junction box. In this case, relative to the conventional technology in which a junction box is independent of a power converter, a length of a cable used when the junction box and the power converter box are taken as a whole is shorter than a length of a cable used in the conventional technology. In this case, compared with the conventional technology in which a cable is connected to an independently placed power converter, the power converter only needs to establish a connection relationship by using a solder ribbon, a circuit board cable, and the like with low costs, so that production costs are low.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a passivation stack on a crystalline silicon solar cell device. The method includes providing a substrate comprising a crystalline silicone layer such as a crystalline silicon wafer or chip, cleaning a surface of the crystalline silicon layer by removing an oxide layer at least from a portion of one side of the crystalline silicon layer, depositing, on at least a part of the cleaned surface, a layer of silicon oxynitride, and depositing a capping layer comprising a hydrogenated dielectric material on top of the layer of silicon oxynitride, wherein the layer of silicon oxynitride is deposited at a temperature from 100° C. to 200° C., and the step of depositing the layer of silicon oxynitride includes using N2O and SiH4 as precursor gasses in an N2 ambient atmosphere and depositing silicon oxynitride with a gas flow ratio of N2O to SiH4 below 2.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a passivation stack on a crystalline silicon solar cell device. The method includes providing a substrate comprising a crystalline silicone layer such as a crystalline silicon wafer or chip, cleaning a surface of the crystalline silicon layer by removing an oxide layer at least from a portion of one side of the crystalline silicon layer, depositing, on at least a part of the cleaned surface, a layer of silicon oxynitride, and depositing a capping layer comprising a hydrogenated dielectric material on top of the layer of silicon oxynitride, wherein the layer of silicon oxynitride is deposited at a temperature from 100° C. to 200° C., and the step of depositing the layer of silicon oxynitride includes using N2O and SiH4 as precursor gasses in an N2 ambient atmosphere and depositing silicon oxynitride with a gas flow ratio of N2O to SiH4 below 2.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a passivation stack on a crystalline silicon solar cell device. The method includes providing a substrate comprising a crystalline silicone layer such as a crystalline silicon wafer or chip, cleaning a surface of the crystalline silicon layer by removing an oxide layer at least from a portion of one side of the crystalline silicon layer, depositing, on at least a part of the cleaned surface, a layer of silicon oxynitride, and depositing a capping layer comprising a hydrogenated dielectric material on top of the layer of silicon oxynitride, wherein the layer of silicon oxynitride is deposited at a temperature from 100° C. to 200° C., and the step of depositing the layer of silicon oxynitride includes using N2O and SiH4 as precursor gasses in an N2 ambient atmosphere and depositing silicon oxynitride with a gas flow ratio of N2O to SiH4 below 2.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a passivation stack on a crystalline silicon solar cell device. The method includes providing a substrate comprising a crystalline silicone layer such as a crystalline silicon wafer or chip, cleaning a surface of the crystalline silicon layer by removing an oxide layer at least from a portion of one side of the crystalline silicon layer, depositing, on at least a part of the cleaned surface, a layer of silicon oxynitride, and depositing a capping layer comprising a hydrogenated dielectric material on top of the layer of silicon oxynitride, wherein the layer of silicon oxynitride is deposited at a temperature from 100° C. to 200° C., and the step of depositing the layer of silicon oxynitride includes using N20 and SiH4 as precursor gasses in an N2 ambient atmosphere and depositing silicon oxynitride with a gas flow ratio of N20 to SiH4 below 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a non-invasive method to diagnose the changes of molecular structures of organism tissues from body surface and a dedicated apparatus. The apparatus is comprised of a Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer and a set of additional accessories. Said additional accessories include a mid-IR fiber optics sampling attachment, a fiber coupling part, and an infrared detector part. The detection method is comprised of placing the ATR probe of the dedicated apparatus on the skin surface of a region to be tested, and scanning more than one time in which the resolution of the apparatus is 1-32 cm?1 and the range of the spectrum is 800-4000 cm?1. It is possible to detect changes in molecular structures of living biological tissues in the early stages of cancer, and testees will not feel uncomfortable during testing. The method is easy to operate, quick, accurate, and it doesn't harm the body.

Abstract: Closed-loop and open-loop systems are used for automated control of the operation of arbitrary systems. An open-loop control apparatus, which controls at least one controlled variable of a system such as a fuel cell system, has a pilot control module and an associated storage module, for storing pilot control characteristic data. The pilot control module carries out pilot control, based on a pilot control value determined from a desired value of the controlled variable from the pilot control characteristic data. A closed-loop control module performs closed-loop control of the controlled variable using a controlled portion determined on the basis of the actual value of the controlled variable. In the open-loop control apparatus, the pilot control value and the controlled portion each make respective contributions to a manipulated variable. An adaptation module matches the pilot control characteristic data in the storage module adaptively during the run time of the open-loop control apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for diagnosing a condition of a reformer (16) in a fuel cell system. In accordance with the invention it is provided for that diagnosing the condition of the reformer (16) is performed on the basis of one or more predefined characteristics correlating with an conversion degree.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of starting up a fuel cell system comprising a reformer (10) and a fuel cell stack (12), the reformer receiving a supply of fuel (14) and air (16) as the starting materials and the fuel cell stack receiving a supply of reformate (18) generated by the reformer. In accordance with the invention it is provided for that the air ratio characterizing the fuel/air ratio of the starting materials supplied to the reformer (10) is varied as a function of a temperature of the fuel cell stack (12). The invention relates furthermore to a fuel cell system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for closed/open loop control of a total lambda value of a reformer (10) comprising at least a combustion zone (12) and an evaporation zone (14) connected to the combustion zone (12). In accordance with the invention for closed/open loop control of the total lambda value, closed loop control of the lambda value of the combustion zone (12) and open loop control of the fuel performance supplied to the evaporation zone (14) is provided. The invention relates furthermore to a system with a reformer (10) comprising at least a combustion zone (12) and an evaporation zone (14) connected to the combustion zone (12) and with a a controller (26) for closed/open loop control of a total lambda value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for diagnosing an anode conversion degree of a fuel cell or a fuel cell stack (20). In accordance with the invention it is provided for that diagnosing the anode conversion degree is performed by measuring at least one current of the fuel cell or of the fuel cell stack (20), an air volume flow fed to an afterburner (24), receiving no fuel supply at the time of measurement, an air ratio of a reformer gas and an oxygen volume proportion in an afterburner exhaust gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack (10), an afterburner (12) for combustion of exhaust gas emerging from the fuel cell stack and sited in an exhaust gas conduit of the afterburner a heat exchanger (16) in which cathode feed air (18) supplied to the fuel cell stack (10) can be heated. In accordance with the invention it is provided for that cathode feed air (20) can be supplied to the fuel cell stack (10) without being prior heated in the heat exchanger (16) and that the heat and temperature balance of the fuel cell stack (10) can be tweaked by the overall flow of the cathode feed air supplied as well as by the ratio of the proportions (18, 20) of the cathode feed air as heated in the heat exchanger and as not heated in the heat exchanger. The invention relates furthermore to a method of tweaking the heat and temperature balance of a fuel cell stack.

Abstract: The invention relates to a non-invasive method to diagnose the changes of molecular structures of organism tissues from body surface and a dedicated apparatus. The apparatus is comprised of a Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer and a set of additional accessories. Said additional accessories include a mid-IR fiber optics sampling attachment, a fiber coupling part, and an infrared detector part. The detection method is comprised of placing the ATR probe of the dedicated apparatus on the skin surface of a region to be tested, and scanning more than one time in which the resolution of the apparatus is 1-32 cm?1 and the range of the spectrum is 800-4000 cm?1. It is possible to detect changes in molecular structures of living biological tissues in the early stages of cancer, and testees will not feel uncomfortable during testing. The method is easy to operate, quick, accurate, and it doesn't harm the body.