Abstract: A method of generating a topology for a material includes parametrizing one or more material properties of the material using virtual testing and generating a topology for the material based on the parametrizing.

Abstract: A hand held ultrasound system is disclosed. By use of a curved reflector for focusing sound energy reflected by a structure being imaged a simple, lightweight, and power efficient device is presented. A transmitter directs a sound wave into a patients body, a structure to be imaged reflects some of the sound wave, a curved reflector focuses that sound energy onto one or more receivers. If more than one receiver is used they do not need to be phased since this function is performed by the curved reflector. The reflector may be spherically shaped or ellipsoidal. The device can function in either mono-static mode or bi-static mode depending on the depth of focus required, e.g., for imaging structures close to the skin surface (blood vessels and the like) an ellipsoidal shaped reflector is used since it provides a very short or close-up depth of focus. The device provides good resolution while using relatively little power making the device light in weight and small in size.

Abstract: A technique for automated design of a corneal surgical procedure includes topographical measurements of a patient's eye to obtain corneal surface topography. Conventional techniques are used to obtain the thickness of the cornea and the intraocular pressure. The topographical information is interpolated and extrapolated to fit the nodes of a finite element analysis model of the eye, which is then analyzed to predict the initial state of stress of the eye and obtain pre-operative curvatures of the cornea. Incision data constituting the "initial" surgical plan is incorporated into the finite element analysis model. A new analysis then is performed to simulate resulting deformations, stresses, and curvatures of the eye. They are compared to the original values thereof and to the vision objective. If necessary, the surgical plan is modified, and the resulting new incision data is entered into the model and the analysis is repeated. This procedure is repeated until the vision objectives are met.