Abstract: A method of target molecule detection includes simultaneously obtaining a first signal from a first working electrode and a second signal from a second working electrode, wherein the first signal is responsive to interaction of the first recognition element with the target molecule in a sample, and the second signal is indicative of background noise from the sample. The method further includes generating a modified signal that is proportional to an instantaneous difference between the first and second signals, wherein the modified signal indicates an amount of the target molecule present in the sample.

Abstract: Described herein DNA-based assays that include nanostructures providing a simple, highly sensitive method for small molecule, biologic and peptide measurements that are optimized for use in a commercial, point-of-care diagnostic settings and systems. These DNA-based assays may include a combination of multiple redox molecules (e.g., methylene blue) such as between 3-8 redox molecules, and a spacer of between about 2 A and 20 A (and in particular between 3 A and 8 A), that results in an assay that has significantly greater signal and greater sensitivity as compared to prior DNA-based assays.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses, including assays, for detection and/or quantification of tacrolimus that utilize nucleic acid-based nanostructures linked to tacrolimus. In particular, described herein are biosensors having a sensing mechanism configured to react to a tacrolimus-specific binding agent, such as an aptamer or antibody that binds tacrolimus. In some variations, these methods and apparatuses may be configured to provide an electrochemical read-out in which the nucleic acid-based nanostructure is operated in conjunction with a tacrolimus-specific binding agent for sample quantification. A biosensor or a set of biosensors as described herein can be used as a standalone measurement system for tacrolimus and/or as part of a multiplexed cartridge for multiple analytes.

Abstract: Described herein are DNA-nanostructures that can be used in an assay to detect and/or quantify an analyte of interest. Aspects of the DNA-nanostructure can include a single DNA molecule composed of hairpin structural motifs, an anchor recognition moiety, and a signal moiety, where the anchor recognition moiety and the signal moiety are in effective proximity to each other such that the tethered diffusion of the signal molecule can be altered based upon binding status of the anchor recognition moiety. Also described herein are methods of making and using the DNA-nanostructures.

Abstract: Described herein are nucleic acid-based electrochemical proximity assays (ECPAs) for sample quantification. The invention may also include a biosensor with a sensing mechanism that uses a pair of aptamers or antibodies that bind the target of interest. More specifically, the invention relates to an electrochemical-based read out of a sensing mechanism that uses a nucleic acid-based proximity assay in conjunction with a pair of aptamers or antibodies for sample quantification. The biosensor or a set of biosensors can be used either as a standalone measurement system for a single analyte target or as a component of a multiplexed cartridge for multiple analytes.

Abstract: Described herein are DNA-nanostructures that can be used in an assay to detect and/or quantify an analyte of interest. Aspects of the DNA-nanostructure can include a single DNA molecule composed of hairpin structural motifs, an anchor recognition moiety, and a signal moiety, where the anchor recognition moiety and the signal moiety are in effective proximity to each other such that the tethered diffusion of the signal molecule can be altered based upon binding status of the anchor recognition moiety. Also described herein are methods of making and using the DNA-nanostructures.

Abstract: A method of target molecule detection includes simultaneously obtaining a first signal from a first working electrode and a second signal from a second working electrode, wherein the first signal is responsive to interaction of the first recognition element with the target molecule in a sample, and the second signal is indicative of background noise from the sample. The method further includes generating a modified signal that is proportional to an instantaneous difference between the first and second signals, wherein the modified signal indicates an amount of the target molecule present in the sample.

Abstract: A method of target molecule detection includes simultaneously obtaining a first signal from a first working electrode and a second signal from a second working electrode, wherein the first signal is responsive to interaction of the first recognition element with the target molecule in a sample, and the second signal is indicative of background noise from the sample. The method further includes generating a modified signal that is proportional to an instantaneous difference between the first and second signals, wherein the modified signal indicates an amount of the target molecule present in the sample.

Abstract: Described herein are DNA-nanostructures that can be used in an assay to detect and/or quantify an analyte of interest. Aspects of the DNA-nanostructure can include a single DNA molecule composed of hairpin structural motifs, an anchor recognition moiety, and a signal moiety, where the anchor recognition moiety and the signal moiety are in effective proximity to each other such that the tethered diffusion of the signal molecule can be altered based upon binding status of the anchor recognition moiety. Also described herein are methods of making and using the DNA-nanostructures.

Abstract: A method of target molecule detection includes simultaneously obtaining a first signal from a first working electrode and a second signal from a second working electrode, wherein the first signal is responsive to interaction of the first recognition element with the target molecule in a sample, and the second signal is indicative of background noise from the sample. The method further includes generating a modified signal that is proportional to an instantaneous difference between the first and second signals, wherein the modified signal indicates an amount of the target molecule present in the sample.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods including the step of thermally scanning a sample that can be used and implemented to detect the presence of and/or concentration of a molecule in a sample.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods including the step of thermally scanning a sample that can be used and implemented to detect the presence of and/or concentration of a molecule in a sample.