Abstract: An electronic device, including a memory; a processor; and a remaining useful life (RUL) prediction controller configured to: identify at least one parameter corresponding to at least one of a physical composition and a chemical composition of a plurality of used batteries during at least one of a charging and a discharging of the plurality of used batteries; determine a pattern of variations in at least one of a voltage, a current, a temperature, and a resistance during every cycle of the charging and the discharging of the plurality of used batteries until a failure; generate an artificial intelligence (AI) model which is trained based on a correlation between the determined pattern of variations and the at least one of the physical composition and the chemical composition; and evaluate a RUL of the plurality of used batteries using the AI model.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reactor tube assembly comprising a reactor tube having a tube length and an inner surface, at least two tubular inserts each having an insert length and comprising i) a shell having an exterior portion at least partially contacting the inner surface of the reactor tube and ii) at least one fin projecting from the shell in a radial direction towards a center of said insert, wherein the inserts are positioned in the tube in a stacked manner such that the fins of the at least two inserts are offset in a longitudinal direction a particulate catalyst in contact with at least the shell and the fins of the inserts.