Abstract: A multilingual Domain Name System allows users to use Domain Names in non-Unicode or ASCII encodings. An international DNS server (or iDNS server) receives multilingual DNS requests and converts them to a format that can be used in the conventional Domain Name System. When the iDNS server first receives a DNS request, it determines the encoding type of that request. It may do this by considering the bit string in the top-level domain (or other portion) of the Domain Name and matching that string against a list of known bit strings for known top-level domains of various encoding types. One entry in the list may be the bit string for “.com” in Chinese BIG5, for example. After the iDNS server identifies the encoding type of the Domain Name, it converts the encoding of the Domain Name to Unicode. It then translates the Unicode representation to an ASCII representation conforming to the universal DNS standard.

Abstract: A multilingual Domain Name System allows users to use Domain Names in non-Unicode or ASCII encodings. An international DNS server (or iDNS server) receives multilingual DNS requests and converts them to a format that can be used in the conventional Domain Name System. When the iDNS server first receives a DNS request, it determines the encoding type of that request. It may do this by considering the bit string in the top-level domain (or other portion) of the Domain Name and matching that string against a list of known bit strings for known top-level domains of various encoding types. One entry in the list may be the bit string for “.com” in Chinese BIG5, for example. After the iDNS server identifies the encoding type of the Domain Name, it converts the encoding of the Domain Name to Unicode. It then translates the Unicode representation to an ASCII representation conforming to the universal DNS standard.

Abstract: A multilingual Domain Name System allows users to use Domain Names in non-Unicode or ASCII encodings. An international DNS server (or iDNS server) receives multilingual DNS requests and converts them to a format that can be used in the conventional Domain Name System. When the iDNS server first receives a DNS request, it determines the encoding type of that request. It may do this by considering the bit string in the top-level domain (or other portion) of the Domain Name and matching that string against a list of known bit strings for known top-level domains of various encoding types. One entry in the list may be the bit string for “.com” in Chinese BIG5, for example. After the iDNS server identifies the encoding type of the Domain Name, it converts the encoding of the Domain Name to Unicode. It then translates the Unicode representation to an ASCII representation conforming to the universal DNS standard.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and a method employing a user's fingerprint to authenticate a wireless communication. The user's personal fingerprint is employed as the secret key in the context of a modified “challenge-response” scenario. The system includes a fingerprint capture module on a mobile personal wireless communication device (e.g., a wireless telephone) and a central authentication system coupled to a conventional mobile switching center. The central authentication system contains information that associates each mobile identification number (“MIN”) with a particular user's fingerprint. When a wireless communication is to be initiated, the central authentication system engages in a challenge-response authentication with the mobile switching station or the wireless phone using the stored fingerprint associated with the MIN through the common air interface.

Abstract: A method is provided for protecting distributed software, either through the internet/telephone networks or via physical storage media like floppy diskettes, magnetic tapes, CD-ROMS, DVD-ROMS, etc., by using biometric information (personal fingerprint information in particular). In one approach, the fingerprint of the software purchaser is embedded into the purchased software at the time of purchase. All subsequent use of the software by the purchaser at his/her home or office is subject to (a) providing his/her fingerprint again and (b) the fingerprint matches that embedded in the purchased software. In another related approach, prior to the use or installation of distributed software, the user's computer calls a central management server station. The software then requests the user to provide his or her fingerprint by any device that would capture such information.

Abstract: A method for modelling the electron density distribution of a macromolecule in a defined asymmetric unit of a crystal lattice having locations of uniformly diffracting electron density includes the steps of: producing an initial distribution of scattering bodies with a asymmetric unit having the same dimensions as the defined asymmetric unit; calculating scattering amplitudes of the initial distribution and determining the correlation between the calculated scattering amplitudes and the normalized amplitudes; moving at least one of the scattering bodies within the asymmetric unit to create a modified distribution; calculating scattering amplitudes and phases of the modified distribution and determining the correlation between the calculated amplitudes and producing a final distribution of scattering bodies by repeating moving and calculating steps until the correlation between the calculated scattering amplitudes and the normalized amplitudes is effectively maximized, the final distribution of scattering bodi

Abstract: A method for constructing an image of a macromolecular crystal includes steps of providing an envelope which defines the region of a unit cell occupied by the macromolecule; distributing a collection of scattering bodies within the envelope; condensing the collection of scattering bodies to an arrangement that maximizes the correlation between the diffraction pattern of the crystal and a pattern of Fourier amplitudes for the collection of scattering bodies; determining the phase associated with at least one of the Fourier amplitudes of the condensed collection of scattering bodies; calculating an electron density distribution of the crystal from the phase information; and defining an image of the macromolecule in the electron density distribution.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the packing conformation of amino acid side chains on a fixed peptide backbone. Using a steric interaction potential, the side chain atoms are rotated about carbon-carbon bonds such that the side chains preferably settle in a low energy packing conformation. Rotational moves are continued according to a simulated annealing procedure until a set of low energy conformations are identified. These conformations represent the structure of the actual peptide. The method may be employed to identify the packing configuration of mutant peptides.

Abstract: A method for modelling the electron density distribution of a macromolecule in a defined asymmetric unit of a crystal lattice having locations of uniformly diffracting electron density includes the steps of: producing an initial distribution of scattering bodies within a asymmetric unit having the same dimensions as the defined asymmetric unit; calculating scattering amplitudes of the initial distribution and determining the correlation between the calculated scattering amplitudes and the normalized amplitudes; moving at least one of the scattering bodies within the asymmetric unit to create a modified distribution; calculating scattering amplitudes and phases of the modified distribution and determining the correlation between the calculated amplitudes and the normalized values; and producing a final distribution of scattering bodies by repeating moving and calculating steps until the correlation between the calculated scattering amplitudes and the normalized amplitudes is effectively maximized, the final di