Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method of simultaneously co-doping a wide band gap material with p-type and n-type impurities to create a p-n junction within the resulting wide band gap composite material. The method includes disposing a sample comprising a dopant including both p-type and n-type impurities between a pair of wide band gap material films and disposing the sample between a pair of opposing electrodes; and subjecting the sample to a preselected vacuum; and heating the sample to a preselected temperature; and applying a preselected voltage across the sample; and subjecting the sample to at least one laser beam having a preselected intensity and a preselected wavelength, such that the p-type and n-type impurities of the dopant substantially simultaneously diffuse into the wide band gap material films resulting in a wide band gap compound material comprising a p-n junction.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method of simultaneously co-doping a wide band gap material with p-type and n-type impurities to create a p-n junction within the resulting wide band gap composite material. The method includes disposing a sample comprising a dopant including both p-type and n-type impurities between a pair of wide band gap material films and disposing the sample between a pair of opposing electrodes; and subjecting the sample to a preselected vacuum; and heating the sample to a preselected temperature; and applying a preselected voltage across the sample; and subjecting the sample to at least one laser beam having a preselected intensity and a preselected wavelength, such that the p-type and n-type impurities of the dopant substantially simultaneously diffuse into the wide band gap material films resulting in a wide band gap compound material comprising a p-n junction.

Abstract: A chemical and biological agent sensor includes an electrostatic thin film supported by a substrate. The film includes an electrostatic charged surface to attract predetermined biological and chemical agents of interest. A charge collector associated with said electrostatic thin film collects charge associated with surface defects in the electrostatic film induced by the predetermined biological and chemical agents of interest. A preferred sensing system includes a charge based deep level transient spectroscopy system to read out charges from the film and match responses to data sets regarding the agents of interest. A method for sensing biological and chemical agents includes providing a thin sensing film having a predetermined electrostatic charge. The film is exposed to an environment suspected of containing the biological and chemical agents. Quantum surface effects on the film are measured.

Abstract: An adsorbent for HC in an exhaust gas is an agglomerate of double-structure particles, each of which includes an HC-adsorbing zeolite core, and a ceramic coat wrapping the zeolite core and having a plurality of through-pores communicating with a plurality of pores in the zeolite core. Each of the double-structure particles is at least one of a double-structure particle including the zeolite core comprising a single zeolite particle, and a double-structure particle including the zeolite core comprising a plurality of zeolite particles. Each of the through-pores in the ceramic coat has such a shape that the HC is easy to flow into the through-pore and difficult to flow out of the through-pore.

Abstract: An adsorbent for HC in an exhaust gas is an agglomerate of double-structure particles, each of which includes an HC-adsorbing zeolite core, and a ceramic coat wrapping the zeolite core and having a plurality of through-pores communicating with a plurality of pores in the zeolite core. Each of the double-structure particles is at least one of a double-structure particle including the zeolite core comprising a single zeolite particle, and a double-structure particle including the zeolite core comprising a plurality of zeolite particles. Each of the through-pores in the ceramic coat has such a shape that the HC is easy to flow into the through-pore and difficult to flow out of the through-pore.