Abstract: The present invention provides signaling protocols that enable an integrated cellular relaying system to support a call for a wireless terminal. In embodiments of the invention, the wireless terminal is redirected to a relaying path corresponding to at least one relaying station. A relaying station communicates with the wireless terminal and with other relaying stations. In addition, one of the relaying stations (that is configured in the relaying path) completes the relaying path by communicating with a base transceiver station.

Abstract: The present invention provides signaling protocols that enable an integrated cellular relaying system to support a call for a wireless terminal. In embodiments of the invention, the wireless terminal is redirected to a relaying path corresponding to at least one relaying station. A relaying station communicates with the wireless terminal and with other relaying stations. In addition, one of the relaying stations (that is configured in the relaying path) completes the relaying path by communicating with a base transceiver station.

Abstract: A digital video encoder encodes a video frame into a differential video frame for transmission over a packet switched network. The video encoder includes an inter-frame encoder, an intra-frame encoder, and an encoding selector for selecting between the inter-frame and intra-frame encoder depending on the relative motion between the video frame being encoded and the previous video frame.A composite frame combiner provides a composite intra/inter-frame encoded difference frame having one set of pixels encoded by the inter-frame encoder, and another set of pixels encoded by the intra-frame encoder. The set of intra-frame encoded pixels includes at least one square or rectangular pixel block, a vertical strip of pixel blocks, and a horizontal strip of pixel blocks.Difference frames are encoded into separable data sets representing video information within a particular range of image resolution.

Abstract: An adaptive vector quantization scheme suitable for packet video adapts to the varying characteristics of the actual images sequence being compressed. A large code book is divided into two sections, having higher and lower priority, representing common characteristics and specific characteristics of images. Each new image to be coded is first compared to the common characteristics section of the code book. If a match of acceptable quality is not found, then it is compared to the specific characteristics section. The best match of the two sections is utilized. Entries in the two sections are reorganized and/or exchanged as a function of the usage of the code vectors therein. The rate and extent of adaptation is dictated by the update interval and the desired level of quality, respectively, without requiring any transmission of the vectors themselves or the side information.

Abstract: A vector quantization based image compression technique which exploits inter-block correlation and layered addressing structure to form variable block sizes. Without introducing any quality degradation, when compared to the traditional vector quantization algorithms, the invention described herein significantly increases the compression and reduces the bit rate. The concept of inter-block correlation is utilized to form variable size blocks, which are then coded using a hierarchical coding model. The method is based on starting off from a small basic block which is allowed to grow to a maximum of a preset block size as long as certain conditions are met. The basic idea of growing the block is based on the renormalization group theory in physics. The algorithm utilizes only one pixel code book for the basic block size and several address code books for the layer block sizes to encode an image. S/N ratio in excess of 30 dB at bit rates lower than 0.2 bpp are easily obtained.