Abstract: Therefore, use of the electron lens forming electrodes 115 and 117 flattens the potential distribution in the longitudinal direction of the first dynode 107a in front of the first dynode 107a, that is, between the dynodes 107a and 107b. As a result, both photoelectrons emitted from the peripheral edge of the cathode 3 and photoelectrons emitted from the center region of the cathode 3 travel substantially in a straight line from the first dynode 107a after being multiplied thereby to impinge on the second dynode 107b. Since this structure reduces deviation in the transit distance of photoelectrons based on the irradiated position of light on the cathode 3, the structure also reduces the cathode transit time difference (CTTD) according to the irradiated position of light and a transit time spread (TTS) when light is irradiated on the entire surface.

Abstract: A side tube includes a tube head, a funnel-shaped connection neck, and a tube main body, which are arranged along a tube axis and which are integrated together into the side tube. The size of a cross section of the tube head perpendicular to the tube axis is larger than the size of a cross section of the tube main body perpendicular to the tube axis. The radius of curvature of rounded corners of the tube head is smaller than the radius of curvature of rounded corners of the tube main body. The length of the tube head along the tube axis is shorter than the length of the tube main body along the tube axis. One surface of a faceplate is connected to the tube head. A photocathode is formed on the surface of the faceplate in its area located inside the tube head.

Abstract: A side tube includes a tube head, a funnel-shaped connection neck, and a tube main body, which are arranged along a tube axis and which are integrated together into the side tube. The size of a cross section of the tube head perpendicular to the tube axis is larger than the size of a cross section of the tube main body perpendicular to the tube axis. The radius of curvature of rounded corners of the tube head is smaller than the radius of curvature of rounded corners of the tube main body. The length of the tube head along the tube axis is shorter than the length of the tube main body along the tube axis. One surface of a faceplate is connected to the tube head. A photocathode is formed on the surface of the faceplate in its area located inside the tube head.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a configuration for improving response time characteristics. The photomultiplier comprises a sealed container, a photocathode, and an electron multiplier section. The electron multiplier section has an upper unit and a lower unit. The upper unit includes a focusing electrode, a mesh electrode, and a first dynode. The lower unit includes the subsequent dynodes excluding the first dynode and a pair of insulating supporting members. The second dynode, belonging to the subsequent dynodes, is provided with a notch for partitioning effective regions for two adjacent electron multiplier channels. By this configuration, a sufficient discharge withstand voltage can be secured without having to modify electron trajectories.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a configuration for improving response time characteristics. The photomultiplier comprises at least a sealed container, a photocathode, and an electron multiplier section. The electron multiplier section has an upper unit and a lower unit. The upper unit includes a focusing electrode, a mesh electrode, and a first dynode, among a multiple stages of dynodes, being a dynode at which the photoelectrons from the photocathode arrive. The lower unit includes the subsequent dynodes while excluding the first dynode from the multiple stages of dynodes, and a pair of insulating supporting members that clampingly hold the subsequent dynodes. The mesh electrode is positioned in an inclined state with respect to a tube axis.

Abstract: A glass container has a faceplate, a side tube, and a bottom. A photocathode is formed on the inner side of the faceplate. The glass container includes a partitioning wall, a shield electrode, a first dynode, a second dynode, a dynode array, and an anode. The partitioning wall has a cross shape to divide an electron focusing space into four space segments. The shield electrode is provided to shield the second dynode from the photocathode. A Venetian blind type of dynodes is provided as the dynode array. The first dynode, the second dynode, the dynode array, and the anode are maintained at the potential which is higher than that of the photocathode. Electrons emitted from the photocathode in response to incident light thereon efficiently impinge on the dynodes regardless of where the electrons are emitted. The electrons are multiplied and then detected by the anode.

Abstract: An envelope (2) has a glass bulb body (4) and a cylindrical glass bulb base (5). The glass bulb body (4) includes an upper hemisphere (4a) and a lower hemisphere (4b). The upper hemisphere (4a) is curved in a substantially spherical shape. The lower hemisphere (4b) is substantially curved in a spherical shape and connects the upper hemisphere (4a) and glass bulb base (5). A photocathode (11) is formed on the inner surface of the glass bulb body (4). An avalanche photodiode (APD) (15) is disposed on the glass bulb body (4) side relative to an intersection (S) between an imaginary extended curved surface (I) of the lower hemisphere (4b) within the glass bulb base (5) and an axis (Z). When light enters the photocathode (11), electrons are emitted from the photocathode (11). The electrons are converged at the position above and in the vicinity of the APD (15) by an electrical field in the electron tube (1), so that the electrons enter the APD (15) in an efficient manner and are detected satisfactorily.

Abstract: In an electron tube, one end of an insulating tube is protruded toward the inside of an envelope, and an avalanche photodiode (APD) is provided on the one end of the insulating tube. Another end of the insulating tube is connected to an outer stem of the envelope. Alkali sources are provided inside the envelope. The alkali sources are disposed inside the envelope and generates alkali metal vapor to thereby form a photocathode on a predetermined part of the internal surface of the envelope. The alkali sources and insulating tube are isolated from each other by a separating member. When the electron tube is manufactured, the alkali metal vapor that is generated from the alkali sources is not deposited on the insulating tube due to existence of the separating member. This prevents voltage resistance between the envelope and APD from being decreased and the electrical field in the electron tube from being adversely affected, thereby preventing incident efficiency of electrons to the APD from being decreased.

Abstract: In an electron tube, an insulating tube protrudes inside an envelope. One end of the insulating tube is connected to the envelope. An avalanche photo diode (APD) is provided on the other end of the insulating tube. A ground voltage is applied to the envelope and a positive high voltage is applied to the APD. Photoelectrons which are emitted in response to an incident light on a photocathode are converged by an electrical field in the envelope and enter the APD. Thereafter, the incident photoelectrons are amplified and detected. Since a positive high voltage is not exposed to the envelope, the electron tube can easily be handled and is excellent in safety.

Abstract: An insulating tube has one end and another end. An An avalanche photodiode (APD) is provided outside the one end of the insulating tube. The another end of the insulating tube is air-tightly connected to an outer flange through a stem inner wall. Capacitors electrically connected to the APD are provided in the insulating tube. The capacitors remove direct current components from signals that the APD generates when detecting electrons. By providing the capacitors in the insulating tube, response of output signals can be prevented from being impaired.

Abstract: In an electron tube, one end of an insulating tube is protruded toward the inside of an envelope, and an avalanche photodiode (APD) is provided on the one end of the insulating tube. Another end of the insulating tube is connected to an outer stem of the envelope. Alkali sources are provided inside the envelope. The alkali sources are disposed inside the envelope and generates alkali metal vapor to thereby form a photocathode on a predetermined part of the internal surface of the envelope. The alkali sources and insulating tube are isolated from each other by a separating member. When the electron tube is manufactured, the alkali metal vapor that is generated from the alkali sources is not deposited on the insulating tube due to existence of the separating member. This prevents voltage resistance between the envelope and APD from being decreased and the electrical field in the electron tube from being adversely affected, thereby preventing incident efficiency of electrons to the APD from being decreased.

Abstract: A photocathode is formed on a predetermined portion of the internal surface of an envelope of an electric tube. An avalanche photodiode (APD) is provided inside the envelope. The APD is surrounded by a cover and a tubular inner wall. A manganese bead and an antimony bead serving as evaporation sources are disposed in the vicinity outside the inner wall. The manganese bead and the antimony bead are surrounded by a tubular outer wall. The manganese bead and the antimony bead generate metal vapor to thereby form the photocathode. In forming the photocathode, the cover, inner wall, outer wall prevent the metal vapor from being deposited on the APD or an unintended portion inside the electron tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a structure that enables to perform high gain and satisfy higher required characteristics. In the photomultiplier, an electron-multiplying unit accommodated in a sealed container comprises a focusing electrode, an accelerating electrode, a dynode unit, and an anode. Particularly, at least the accelerating electrode and dynode unit are held unitedly in a state that at least a first-stage dynode and a second-stage included in the dynode unit are opposite directly to the accelerating electrode not through a conductive material. A conventional metal disk for supporting directly dynodes which are set to the same potential as that of the first-stage dynode is not placed between the accelerating electrode and dynode unit; thus, variations of the transit time of electrons may be drastically reduced while the electrons reach from the cathode to the second-stage dynode via the first-stage dynode.

Abstract: A venetian blind dynode 5A of the first stage collects incident electrons efficiently, multiplies these electrons, and emits the multiplied secondary electrons to a metal channel dynode 5B of the second stage. By metal channel dynodes 5B of the second stage onward successively multiplying the incident secondary electrons efficiently, the secondary electrons, which are multiplied in multiple stages, are detected efficiently as an electrical signal. Since the layered state of metal channel dynodes 5B of the second stage onward can be made thin, the total length of the dynode unit in the layering direction can be made short and compact.

Abstract: A glass container has a faceplate, a side tube, and a bottom. A photocathode is formed on the inner side of the faceplate. The glass container includes a first dynode, a second dynode, a screen focusing electrode, a dynode array, and an anode. The screen focusing electrode consists of a first screen, a second screen, a flat plate, and an aperture. The first screen is provided on the first dynode side of the aperture and extends across the lower end of the first dynode towards the photocathode. The second screen is provided on the second dynode side of the aperture and extends across the lower end of the second dynode towards the photocathode. A Venetian blind type is provided as the dynode array. The first dynode, the second dynode, the dynode array, and the anode are maintained at the potential which is higher than that of the photocathode. Electrons emitted from the photocathode in response to incident light thereon efficiently impinge on the dynodes regardless of where the electrons are emitted.

Abstract: A glass container has a faceplate, a side tube, and a bottom. A photocathode is formed on the inner side of the faceplate. The glass container includes a first dynode, a second dynode, a screen focusing electrode, a dynode array, and an anode. The screen focusing electrode consists of a first screen, a second screen, a flat plate, and an aperture. The first screen is provided on the first dynode side of the aperture and extends across the lower end of the first dynode towards the photocathode. The second screen is provided on the second dynode side of the aperture and extends across the lower end of the second dynode towards the photocathode. A Venetian blind type is provided as the dynode array. The first dynode, the second dynode, the dynode array, and the anode are maintained at the potential which is higher than that of the photocathode. Electrons emitted from the photocathode in response to incident light thereon efficiently impinge on the dynodes regardless of where the electrons are emitted.

Abstract: A photomultiplier excellent in vibration resistance and improved in pulse linearity characteristic and time-response. The fourth, and sixth to ninth dynodes (Dy4, Dy6 to Dy9) have a similar shape to that of the second dynode (Dy2). The third and fifth dynodes (dy3, Dy5) are smaller than the dynode (Dy2). The first to tenth dynodes (Dy1 to Dy10) are so arranged that the dynode inner space path defined between opposed dynodes is perpendicular to the tube axis (X). The anode (A) is a mesh anode (A), and is opposed to the dynode (Dy2) with respect to the tube axis (X).

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube excellent in vibration resistance and having an anode with good pulse linearity characteristic. The photomultiplier tube has a mesh anode (A) composed of an anode frame (A11) and a mesh electrode (A12) supported and surrounded by the anode frame (A11). The central portion of one long side (A11B) of the anode frame (A11) serves as an electron converging part (F). The inner side of the anode frame (A11) swells toward the inner part of the anode (A), more from the middle of the long side (A11B) toward the corners of the anode frame (A11) along the long side (A11B), and therefore the thickness of the anode frame (A11) increases from the middle of the long side (A11) to the corners along the long side (A11B).

Abstract: A side tube includes a tube head, a funnel-shaped connection neck, and a tube main body, which are arranged along a tube axis and which are integrated together into the side tube. The size of a cross section of the tube head perpendicular to the tube axis is larger than the size of a cross section of the tube main body perpendicular to the tube axis. The radius of curvature of rounded corners of the tube head is smaller than the radius of curvature of rounded corners of the tube main body. The length of the tube head along the tube axis is shorter than the length of the tube main body along the tube axis. One surface of a faceplate is connected to the tube head. A photocathode is formed on the surface of the faceplate in its area located inside the tube head.

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube excellent in vibration resistance and having an anode with good pulse linearity characteristic. The photomultiplier tube has a mesh anode (A) composed of an anode frame (A11) and a mesh electrode (A12) supported and surrounded by the anode frame (A11). The central portion of one long side (A11B) of the anode frame (A11) serves as an electron converging part (F). The inner side of the anode frame (A11) swells toward the inner part of the anode (A), more from the middle of the long side (A11B) toward the corners of the anode frame (A11) along the long side (A11B), and therefore the thickness of the anode frame (A11) increases from the middle of the long side (A11) to the corners along the long side (A11B).