Abstract: A process is disclosed for culturing microorganisms or cells isolated from a multicellular organism while exposing the microorganism or cells to sound waves of 5 to 100 kHz. This procedure effects the proliferation and the expression of functions of the cells so exposed. An apparatus for culturing the cells according to this process is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for forming a novel carbonaceous material, which has properties such as acceptor properly useful as a secondary cell electrode material and a host material for catalyst, comprising of the steps of electrochemically polymerizing a nitrogen-containing organic compound as a monomer constituent, and heat-treating the resultant polymer as a carbon precursor.

Abstract: An artificial filling and prosthetic material, characterized in that the surface of a substrate is coated with a calcium phosphate compound together with a water-insoluble and bio-degradable binder polymer. This material is capable of firmly adhering to tissue for a short time.

Abstract: A dental implant comprising a core material and a porous layer formed on the core material, wherein at least a part of the core material coated by the porous layer has a non-circular cross-sectional shape so as not to rotate relative to the porous layer.

Abstract: A condensed polycyclic, polynuclear aromatic thermosetting resin with improved moldability which is prevented from forming a cloud on a mold during molding is disclosed. The resin is a prepolymer derived by condensation polymerization of a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound or a mixture thereof with a monocyclic aromatic compounds and an aromatic compound having at least two hydroxymethyl groups as a crosslinking agent in the presence of an acid catalyst. The resin has a flow temperature of not higher than 150.degree. C. The acid catalyst is water-insoluble or when it is water-soluble the resin has an insolubilized acid ratio of at least 50%. The resin is useful in the manufacture of thermoset molded articles having good heat resistance and good mechanical and electrical properties. It can be blended with a filler and/or reinforcing agent to form a molding compound.

Abstract: An adhesive made from a thermosetting resin composition consisting of (a) a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound, (b) an aromatic crosslinking agent and (c) an acid catalyst is applied to each surface of adherends treated with a particular surface treating agent and heated at a temperature of 100.degree.-400.degree. C. in an oxidizing or non-oxidizing atmosphere to produce an adhesion structure. In order to provide a conductive adhesion structure, a conductive promotion catalyst is included in the adhesive. Further, a carbonaceous or graphitic adhesion structure is obtained by carbonization or graphitization of the adhesion structure.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic organic substance having a triaryl methane structure and a free radical concentration of methine carbon positions of at least 10.sup.17 radicals/g, preferably at least 10.sup.18 radials/g, is provided by polycondensing a condensed polynuclear aromatic compound or an electron donating group substituted monocyclic aromatic compound with an aromatic aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst, to produce a precondensate having a softening point between 30.degree. C. and 120.degree. C. and being soluble in various organic solvents, and subjecting the resulting precondensate to a dehydrogenation treatment and a purification treatment, followed by molding.

Abstract: An adhesive made from a thermosetting resin composition consisting of (a) a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound, (b) an aromatic crosslinking agent and (c) an acid catalyst is applied to each surface of adherends treated with a particular surface treating agent and heated at a temperature of 100.degree.-400.degree. C. in an oxidizing or non-oxidizing atmosphere to produce an adhesion structure. In order to provide a conductive adhesion structure, a conductive promotion catalyst is included in the adhesive. Further, a carbonaceous or graphitic adhesion structure is obtained by carbonization or graphitization of the adhesion structure.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin composition is disclosed which comprises a fusible product obtained by a method including the steps of:providing a mixture which comprises (a) a raw material containing one or more condensed polynuclear aromatic compounds having at least two condensed benzene rings, (b) a crosslinking agent containing an aromatic compound having one or more aldehyde groups directly bonded to the aromatic nuclei thereof, and (c) an acid catalyst; andreacting the mixture at a temperature sufficient to effect the crosslinking of the one or more condensed polynuclear aromatic compounds, thereby to obtain the fusible product. A further heat treatment of the thermosetting resin composition gives a COPNA resin which is an infusible, insoluble, condensed, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon resin.

Abstract: A thermosetting composition which is capable of affording a heat-resisting, condensed polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon resin and which includes:a raw material containing one or more condensed polynuclear aromatic compounds having at least three condensed benzene rings;a crosslinking agent containing an aromatic compound having at least two hydroxymethyl or halomethyl groups; andan acid catalyst. The raw material may be, for example, a coal pitch or petroleum pitch.

Abstract: A method of preparing an carbonaceous pitch, including the steps of:subjecting a raw material oil to thermal cracking conditions while removing cracked, light hydrocarbon components to obtain a pitch product containing at least 5 weight % of mesophase and not more than 10 weight % of light hydrocarbon components with a boiling point at 60 mmHg of 300.degree. C. or less and having a softening point of between 160.degree. and 220.degree. C., the raw material oil being composed mainly of a residual oil which has a boiling point of 350.degree. C. or more and which is derived from a naphthene base petroleum crude; andremoving the mesophase from the pitch product to obtain a substantially mesophase-free carbonaceous pitch.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of carbon fibers, including the steps of:subjecting a raw material oil to thermal cracking conditions at a temperature of between 400.degree. to 500.degree. C. while removing cracked, light hydrocarbon components to obtain a pitch product containing at least 5 weight % of mesophase and not more than 10 weight % of light hydrocarbon components with a boiling point at 60 mmHg (absolute) of 300.degree. C. or less and having a softening point of between 140.degree. and 220.degree. C., the raw material oil having a boiling point of at least 500.degree. C. and containing at least 30 weight % of a residual oil which has a boiling point of at least 500.degree. C. and a metal content of at least 200 weight ppm and which is derived from a napthene base and/or intermediate base petroleum crude;removing the mesophase having a particle size of more than 10 .mu.

Abstract: A novel reformed mesophase pitch having a mesophase content MC of between 40 and 100%, a quinoline-insoluble content QI of between 5 and 70 weight % and anisotropic domains forming a continuous phase. The reformed mesophase pitch is obtained by heat-treating a dormant mesophase pitch which comprises dormant anisotropic components which are partially hydrogenated, polycyclic polycondensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons derived from the mesophase of a mesophase pitch by hydrogenation of the mesophase and which are soluble in quinoline. The dormant mesophase pitch is optically isotropic in nature but, upon being subjected to shear forces in one direction, capable of being oriented in said direction. Preferably, the reformed mesophase pitch has a softening point SP in .degree.C. satisfying the following conditions:when 40 .ltoreq.MC<100, ##EQU1## and when MC=100, ##EQU2## The reformed mesophase pitch is useful as precursor materials for carbon fibers.

Abstract: A novel carbonaceous pitch which is optically isotropic in nature and which turns into optically anisotropic when shear forces are applied thereto. The carbonaceous pitch may be obtained by hydrogenating the mesophase of a mesophase pitch to the extent that the mesophase is rendered soluble in quinoline. The carbonaceous pitch is useful as a binder and an impregnator and as a precursor material for a highly oriented, high-strength and high-modulus carbon fiber, needle coke or the like carbonaceous materials.

Abstract: An artificial prosthetic material made of a carbon source as a main component comprises a porous structure layer comprising a fibrous material and pyrolytic carbon deposited fibrous material.

Abstract: In the production of carbon shaped articles such as fibers having high molecular orientation, anisotropy, strength, and modulus of elasticity through the steps of forming raw material pitch into fibers, infusibilization of the same followed by carbonization optionally graphitization, a raw material pitch having particular physical properties such as melt viscosity of 0.4 to 700 poises at a temperature range of 320.degree. to 480.degree. C, eminent structural anisotropy, and fluidity is used to produce such fibers product.

Abstract: In the production of carbon shaped articles such as fibers, films, etc. having high molecular orientation, anisotropy, strength, and modulus of elasticity through the steps of forming raw material pitch into desired shapes, infusibilization of the same followed by carbonization optionally graphitization, a raw material pitch having particular physical properties such as melt viscosity of 0.4 to 700 poises at a temperature range of 320.degree. to 480.degree. C, eminent structural anisotropy, and fluidity is used to produce such desired shaped product.