Abstract: A model of a thermal print head is provided that models the thermal response of thermal print head elements to the provision of energy to the print head elements over time. The amount of energy to provide to each of the print head elements during a print head cycle to produce a spot having the desired density is calculated based on: (1) the desired density to be produced by the print head element during the print head cycle, (2) the predicted temperature of the print head element at the beginning of the print head cycle, (3) the ambient printer temperature at the beginning of the print head cycle, and (4) the ambient relative humidity.

Abstract: A method for controlling the print density of individual heating elements of a thermal print head array determines respective energy values for each heating element in response to image pixel data to be printed, multiplies determined energy values by a respective predetermined correction factor for one or more respective heating elements for improving print density consistency between individual heating elements, and dithers adjusted energy values from the step of multiplying as a function of adjacent image pixels.

Abstract: A method estimates the temperature of a thermal print head element during printing. In one embodiment, the temperature is estimated using the resistance of the thermal print head element, which typically changes with the print head element temperature. The change in resistance of the print head element is exploited to indirectly estimate the temperature of the print head element.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for correcting the exposure of a digital image. An exposure predictor may be generated based on a set of images for which ground truth data are known. After identifying an optimal set of features, the exposure of the digital image may be corrected by extracting values of the selected optimal features from the image, using the predictor to predict a desired exposure correction for the image, and correcting the exposure of the image by the predicted desired amount. Exposure correction is based on a model that relates intensity of light in the world to the RGB digits of the digital image. The model comprises a gamma function that models the response of a typical monitor and a S-shaped curve that compresses the large dynamic range of the world to the small dynamic range of the RGB digit space.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed herein for estimating parameters of a model of a thermal print head for use in performing thermal history control. In particular, techniques are disclosed for use in conjunction with a thermal print head having a plurality of print head elements and an associated heat sink. A sensitivity of a thermal print media to a temperature of the heat sink is identified. A sensitivity of the thermal print medium to a temperature of the plurality of print head elements is then identified based on the identified sensitivity of the thermal print medium to the temperature of the heat sink. Techniques are also disclosed for deriving conditions on estimated parameters of the print head model that determine the stability of the resulting thermal history control algorithm. Techniques are also disclosed for iteratively optimizing the values of those parameters.

Abstract: A method for controlling the print density of individual heating elements of a thermal print head array determines respective energy values for each heating element in response to image pixel data to be printed, multiplies determined energy values by a respective predetermined correction factor for one or more respective heating elements for improving print density consistency between individual heating elements, and dithers adjusted energy values from the step of multiplying as a function of adjacent image pixels.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for selectively dithering only a subset of a digital image. One or more ranges of digits are selected for dithering. Only those pixels having digits within the selected range(s) in the digital image are dithered. The image is printed after being selectively dithered. Digits may be selected for dithering if they have values within the range(s) of one or more non-monotonic regions of a printer transfer function. Dithering may be performed on the subset of the digital image by applying a nonlinear transformation is applied to the image and adding a dither pattern to the transformed image. The result is quantized, and the inverse of the nonlinear transformation is applied to the quantized image to produce a dithered image. The nonlinear transformation is constructed such that the effects of the dither pattern appear only in that subset of the image having digits in the selected range(s).

Abstract: A sharpening filter is disclosed for performing density-dependent sharpening on digital images. In one embodiment, a digital image to be sharpened is decomposed into a plurality of high-pass versions of the image at different resolutions. These high-pass images are gained at each resolution and recombined with the original image to produce a sharpened version of the image. The gains that are applied at each resolution are density-dependent. As a result, the effects of density-dependent blurring are counteracted, such that the sharpness of the final printed image is independent of the print density. Techniques are disclosed for performing such density-dependent sharpening with a high degree of computational efficiency.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for performing color correction in a color printer. An RGB test image is printed to produce a printed calibration image. Colors in the printed calibration image are measured and compared to expected color values. A color corrector generates a printer lookup table (LUT) based on this comparison. The LUT may be generated based on models of the printer's print engine and previous LUTs. The color corrections are applied to subsequent print jobs to improve the quality of color output. Color measurement and correction may be performed using a closed-loop system contained within the printer that includes a color measurement device (such as a scanner) and a computer.

Abstract: A model of a thermal print head is provided that models the thermal response of thermal print head elements to the provision of energy to the print head elements over time. The thermal print head model generates predictions of the temperature of each of the thermal print head elements at the beginning of each print head cycle based on: (1) the current ambient temperature of the thermal print head, (2) the thermal history of the print head, (3) the energy history of the print head, and (optionally) (4) the current temperature of the print medium. The amount of energy to provide to each of the print head elements during a print head cycle to produce a spot having the desired density is calculated based on: (1) the desired density to be produced by the print head element during the print head cycle, and (2) the predicted temperature of the print head element at the beginning of the print head cycle.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for performing thermal history control in a thermal printer in which a single thermal print head prints sequentially on multiple color-forming layers in a single pass. Each pixel-printing interval may be divided into subintervals, which may be of unequal duration. Each sub-interval may be used to print a different color. The manner in which the input energy to be provided to each print head element is selected may be varied for each of the subintervals. For example, although a single thermal model may be used to predict the temperature of the print head elements in each of the subintervals, different parameters may be used in the different subintervals. Similarly, different energy computation functions may be used to compute the energy to be provided to the print head in each of the subintervals based on the predicted print head temperature.