Abstract: An ad-hoc network includes an ad-hoc network coordinator (NC) having a first processor, a first memory, and a first communication interface; and a plurality of ad-hoc network devices (NDs). Each of the NDs includes a second processor, a second memory, and a second communication interface structured to communicate with the first communication interface of the NC or with the second communication interface of at least another one of the NDs. The first processor cooperates with at least some of the NDs to globally optimize a route based on a plurality of link costs for: (i) pairs of the NDs, or (ii) pairs of the NDs and at least one pair including one of the NDs and the NC, in order to minimize cost along the route that: (a) one of the NDs or the NC employs to send a packet to: (b) another one of the NDs or the NC.

Abstract: A method of network communication includes employing a communication network protocol stack having a plurality of independent communication layers providing a plurality of different corresponding services. A buffer manager is employed for a plurality of communication buffers. The buffer manager is independent of the independent communication layers. An application framework provides asynchronous communications among the buffer manager and the independent communication layers. For a plurality of pairs of the buffer manager and one of the independent communication layers and for a plurality of pairs of the independent communication layers, the method provides subscribing by the buffer manager and by the independent communication layers to a plurality of events through the application framework and publishing by the buffer manager and by the independent communication layers a plurality of corresponding events through the application framework.

Abstract: A method manages a plurality of communication buffers. The method employs a plurality of communication layers, such as an application layer, a network layer and a MAC layer. A buffer manager is employed for the communication buffers. The buffer manager is independent of the communication layers. The method requests by one of the communication layers one of the communication buffers from the buffer manager. Responsive to the requesting, the method receives at the one of the communication layers an identification of the one of the communication buffers from the buffer manager. One of the communication buffers is employed at the one of the communication layers. The method releases by one of the communication layers the one of the communication buffers to the buffer manager or indicates by one of the communication layers the one of the communication buffers to another one of the communication layers.