Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for encoding and decoding an image by skip encoding. The image-encoding method by skip encoding, which performs intra-prediction, comprises: performing a filtering operation on the signal which is reconstructed prior to an encoding object signal in an encoding object image; using the filtered reconstructed signal to generate a prediction signal for the encoding object signal; setting the generated prediction signal as a reconstruction signal for the encoding object signal; and not encoding the residual signal which can be generated on the basis of the difference between the encoding object signal and the prediction signal, thereby performing skip encoding on the encoding object signal.

Abstract: A wafer carriage is disclosed. An edge of the wafer carriage is roundly formed so that an edge of the wafer when colliding against the wafer can be prevented from chipping, pads are provided to a guide on the upper side of the wafer carriage so that the wafer when moving can be prevented from sliding, and thus, the wafer chipping occurred in a successive process can be prevented.