Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus, including a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer interposed between said pair of substrates. One of the pair of substrates has plural scanning electrodes and plural signal electrodes arranged to cross the plural scanning electrodes. Pixels are formed at regions surrounded by the scanning electrodes and the signal electrodes. Respective ones of the pixels include an active element arranged at a vicinity of the crossing point of the scanning electrode and the signal electrode, a pixel electrode connected to the active element and a common electrode arranged in correspondence to the pixel electrode. Further, there is provided a colored filter and a shielding layer having a specific resistivity of less than 108 &OHgr;.cm.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus having a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates. One of the pair of substrates has an electrode structure including a plurality of pixel electrodes and a plurality of common electrodes, an organic polymer film is formed on at least one of the pixel electrodes and the common electrodes, and the liquid crystal layer is in direct contact with the organic polymer film.

Abstract: Pixels 20 in a picture image display device 1 are driven in such a manner that while introducing light quenching period in which electro optical elements 24 in the pixels 20 are quenched after scanning a plurality of gate lines for displaying one picture image. In other words, the pixels 20 are driven while interposing the light quenching period in which the electro optical elements are quenched between one frame and a subsequent frame. Thereby, blurred edges at the time of motion pictures display when the pixels including the electro optical elements are driven through an active matrix drive circuit is suppressed and the picture quality of the picture image display device is improved.

Abstract: An active matrix liquid crystal display device having first and second substrates, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second substrates, plural image signal lines, counter-voltage signal lines and scan signal lines being formed on the first substrate, and each pixel region being formed by adjacent image signal lines and adjacent scan signal lines having at least an active device. At least a pixel electrode connected to the active device and at least a counter electrode in each pixel, and the pixel electrode and the counter electrode are on the first substrate. Adjacent counter-voltage signal lines are connected by a counter electrode via more than one thorough-hole formed in a protective film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus having a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates. One of the pair of substrates has an electrode structure including a plurality of pixel electrodes and a plurality of common electrodes, an organic polymer film is formed on at least one of the pixel electrodes and the common electrodes, and the liquid crystal layer is in direct contact with the organic polymer film.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal layer interposed between first and second substrates, plural scanning signal lines and plural video signal lines arranged in a matrix form on the first substrate and a plural pixels formed in regions surrounded by adjacent scanning signal lines and adjacent video signal lines. Each pixel in the display region has at least an active device, a pixel electrode, and a counter electrode to drive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage difference between the counter electrode and the pixel electrode which are provided are on the same substrate. The driving of the liquid crystal molecules by applying the voltage difference includes rotation of the liquid crystal molecules in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate with plural directions so as to reduce viewing angle dependency of color tone change.

Abstract: In an active matrix liquid crystal display device that is capable of realizing viewing angles comparable to those of Brawn tubes and is for controlling display by electric fields extending substantially parallel to a substrate surface, there is provided an active matrix liquid crystal display device which is bright and low in power dissipation.

Abstract: An active matrix liquid crystal display device having first and second substrates, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second substrates, plural image signal lines and scan signal lines being formed on the substrate and each pixel region being formed by adjacent image signal lines and adjacent scan signal lines having at least an active device. At least a pixel electrode is connected to the active device and at least a counter electrode in each pixel, and the pixel electrode and the counter electrode are provided on the first substrate. A first alignment film is formed over the pixel electrode and counter electrode on the first substrate at least in a pixel forming region, and a second alignment film is formed on the second substrate at least in the pixel forming region. Rubbing directions of the first and second alignment films are substantially parallel to each other.

Abstract: The purpose is to provide an active-matrix liquid crystal display device using a in-plane field type having wide viewing angle characteristics with homogeneous color tones, capable of realizing characristics equal to those of a CRT. In this active-matrix liquid crystal display device of the present invention, liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer have at least two kinds of driving (reorientation) directions by electric field over the substrate surface.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus and a method of manufacturing wherein the liquid crystal display apparatus includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, plural electrodes formed on at least one of the pair of substrates, a passivation layer formed on the plural electrodes and having concave portions, a thin film having low wettability formed on the passivation layer, and an insulating layer formed on the thin film having low wettability. The method includes the steps of irradiating light onto the thin film through a mask, and applying a solution containing organic high polymers so as to form the insulating layer at the concave portions of the passivation layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a wide viewing angle, a large contrast ratio, and little nonuniformity of display, is formed by a pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, wherein at least one of the pair of substrates has plural electrodes, a passivation layer formed on the plural electrodes, and an insulating layer formed at concave portions of the passivation layer for making the thickness of the liquid crystal layer uniform.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus has a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, one of the pair of substrates having an electrode structure composed of a plurality of electrodes for generating an electric field having a dominant component parallel to the substrate in the liquid crystal layer, a protective film formed on the electrode structure, and an alignment film formed on the protective film, and the thickness of the protective film is greater than the thickness of the electrode in contact with the protective film by more than 0.4 .mu.m.

Abstract: In an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus, respective ones of the electrodes on a substrate are provided so that an electric field substantially parallel to the substrate can be supplied to a liquid crystal layer. Polarizers for changing the optical characteristics based on the alignment of the liquid crystal layer are provided, as well as a shielding layer formed in parallel to the image signal electrodes on the substrate. The specific resistivity of the shielding layer is less than 10.sup.8 .OMEGA..multidot.cm.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a black mask formed on one of a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent, a group of electrodes formed on at least one of the pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer comprising a liquid crystal composition substance having a dielectric anisotropy and held between the pair of substrates, an orientation control film formed between the liquid crystal layer and one of the substrates for orienting liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal composition substance in a predetermined direction, a polarizer laminated on at least one of the pair of substrates, and a driver for applying a drive voltage to the group of electrodes, wherein the group of electrodes has a structure that the electrodes are so arranged as to generate an electric field having a component predominantly in parallel with the interface between the orientation control film and the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal composition substance has a resistivity of not smaller than 10.

Abstract: A field-effect transistor using a conjugated oligomer having an ionization potential of 4.8 eV or above in the semiconductor layer thereof works stably and has a long life-time and can be used in a liquid crystal display device as a switching element to give excellent contrast and good performances.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a black mask formed on one of a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent, a group of electrodes formed on at least one of the pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer comprising a liquid crystal composition substance having a dielectric anisotropy and held between the pair of substrates, an orientation control film formed between the liquid crystal layer and one of the substrates for orienting liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal composition substance in a predetermined direction, a polarizer laminated on at least one of the pair of substrates, and a driver for applying a drive voltage to the group of electrodes, wherein the group of electrodes has a structure that the electrodes are so arranged as to generate an electric field having a component predominantly in parallel with the interface between the orientation control film and the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal composition substance has a resistivity of not smaller than 10.

Abstract: In an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus, respective ones of the electrodes on a substrate are provided so that an electric field substantially parallel to the substrate can be supplied to a liquid crystal layer. Polarizers for changing the optical characteristics based on the alignment of the liquid crystal layer are provided, as well as a shielding layer formed in parallel to the image signal electrodes on the substrate. The specific resistivity of the shielding layer is less than 10.sup.8 .OMEGA..multidot.cm.

Abstract: A field-effect transistor using a conjugated oligomer having an ionization potential of 4.8 eV or above in the semiconductor layer thereof works stably and has a long life-time and can be used in a liquid crystal display device as a switching element to give excellent contrast and good performances.

Abstract: A photosensitive element for electrophotography has an electrically conductive substrate and a layer structure thereon comprising a charge generating substance and a charge transport substance. An improved charge transport substance is a derivative of triphenylamine in which at least 80% of the electrons in the highest occupied molecular orbital are located on the triphenylamine skeleton. Examples of such compounds have the following formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a an optionally substituted heterocyclic radical containing at least one ring nitrogen, Q is a single bond or --C.dbd.C--, and Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 are H, lower alkyl or alkoxy, aryl, NO.sub.2, CF.sub.3, --N(R').sub.2, --S--C.sub.6 H.sub.5 or --S(R').sub.2.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a non-linear optical device comprising a non-linear optical medium comprising an organic compound, which remarkably improves the non-linear optical properties. The non-linear optical device according to the present invention is suited for the second and third harmonic generations, photomixing optical parametric oscillations, optical switches and optical bistable devices.