Abstract: Described herein are methods and systems for predicting the genotype of one or more genes utilizing high throughput sequencing data. The provided methods and systems allow for accurate genotyping of genes, including ADME genes, and can be used to identify novel alleles.

Abstract: A systematic method for creating layouts for various sorting and switching networks on VLSI chips is proposed. These sorting and switching networks include butterfly switching networks, benes networks, odd-even sorting networks, and bitonic sorting networks. The present invention utilizes the existing VLSI grid-model to create various layouts. A rectangular layout is proposed which introduces the use of an additional row to create an area-efficient layout for various switching networks. A diamond layout is proposed which further improves rectangular layout by reducing the number of columns required. A suitable combination of diamond and rectangular layouts is also proposed.

Abstract: A data compression technique for encoding a data stream of symbols processes a current sequence of symbols in the stream using an adaptive look-up table containing strings of different lengths by identifying whether a match of a longest string from the table or a shorter string would produce a lower compression ratio by "looking ahead" and identifying a match between a next sequence in the data stream and strings in the table. The compression technique identifies those situations where it is advantageous to use a compressed code identifier for a current sequence that is shorter than the longest matching sequence. Such situations exist when the compression ratio achieved for compressing the current sequence in combination with the next sequence in the stream is greater when other than the longest match is employed for the first sequence. A corresponding decompression technique to decode data encoded using a similar "look ahead" technique is also disclosed.