Abstract: Items within an index may be converted from classic geometry and embedded into a hyperbolic space. The hyperboloids within the hyperbolic space provide higher precision classifications of items within the index relative to their hierarchical structure. A received search query may also be converted to hyperbolic space and mapped as a query hyperboloid against an answer space that includes hyperboloids for items within the index. Distances or overlaps between the hyperboloids may be determined in order to generate a set of search results.

Abstract: Technologies are provided for reformulation of a tail query to a head query with the same purchase intent by mapping the tail query to the head query. In some of the technologies, a reasonable embedding can be learned on historical head queries. The embedding can then be refined by leveraging rewards generated from a persistently noisy oracle that compensates for the lack of historical behavioral signal for tail queries. Further, a contextual sampling technique that uses text-based rewards or oracle-based rewards, or both, can be implemented in order to avoid biases introduced by persistent noise in the oracle. Numerical experiments on large scale e-commerce datasets demonstrate that the provided technologies can outperform several conventional approaches to query reformulation.

Abstract: Technologies are provided for reformulation of a tail query to a head query with the same purchase intent by mapping the tail query to the head query. In some of the technologies, a reasonable embedding can be learned on historical head queries. The embedding can then be refined by leveraging rewards generated from a persistently noisy oracle that compensates for the lack of historical behavioral signal for tail queries. Further, a contextual sampling technique that uses text-based rewards or oracle-based rewards, or both, can be implemented in order to avoid biases introduced by persistent noise in the oracle. Numerical experiments on large scale e-commerce datasets demonstrate that the provided technologies can outperform several conventional approaches to query reformulation.

Abstract: Sequential hypothesis testing techniques are described, which involve testing sequences of increasingly larger number of samples until a winner is determined. In particular, sequential hypothesis testing techniques is based on whether a result of a statistic has reached statistical significance that defines a confidence level in the accuracy of the results. Sequential hypothesis testing also permits the user to “peek” into the test through use of a user interface (e.g., dashboard) to monitor the test in real time as it is being run. Real time output of this information in a user interface as a part of sequential hypothesis testing may be leveraged in a variety of ways. In a first example, a user may make changes as the test is run. In another example, flexible execution is also made possible in that the test may continue to run even if initial accuracy guarantees have been met.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed at providing a sequential multiple hypothesis testing system. In one embodiment, feedback is collected for hypothesis tests of a multiple hypothesis tests. Based on the collected feedback, a sequential p-value is calculated for each of the hypothesis tests utilizing a sequential statistic procedure that is designed to compare an alternative case with a base case for a respective hypothesis test. A sequential rejection procedure can then be applied to determine whether any of the hypothesis tests have concluded based on the respective p-value. A result of the determination can then be output to apprise a user of a state of the multiple hypothesis test. This process can then be repeated until a maximum sample size is reached, termination criterion is met, or all tests are concluded. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed at providing a sequential multiple hypothesis testing system. In one embodiment, feedback is collected for hypothesis tests of a multiple hypothesis tests. Based on the collected feedback, a sequential p-value is calculated for each of the hypothesis tests utilizing a sequential statistic procedure that is designed to compare an alternative case with a base case for a respective hypothesis test. A sequential rejection procedure can then be applied to determine whether any of the hypothesis tests have concluded based on the respective p-value. A result of the determination can then be output to apprise a user of a state of the multiple hypothesis test. This process can then be repeated until a maximum sample size is reached, termination criterion is met, or all tests are concluded. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: Sequential hypothesis testing techniques are described, which involve testing sequences of increasingly larger number of samples until a winner is determined. In particular, sequential hypothesis testing techniques is based on whether a result of a statistic has reached statistical significance that defines a confidence level in the accuracy of the results. Sequential hypothesis testing also permits the user to “peek” into the test through use of a user interface (e.g., dashboard) to monitor the test in real time as it is being run. Real time output of this information in a user interface as a part of sequential hypothesis testing may be leveraged in a variety of ways. In a first example, a user may make changes as the test is run. In another example, flexible execution is also made possible in that the test may continue to run even if initial accuracy guarantees have been met.

Abstract: An apparatus for efficiently coupling light from a light source into a thin object such as a rod or a sheet is disclosed. In an embodiment, the apparatus comprises a sheet and a linear light source placed along the edge of the sheet. The light from linear light source is coupled into the sheet using one or more concentrator blocks. In another embodiment, the apparatus comprises a rod and a point light source placed near one end of the rod. The light from point light source is coupled into the rod using one or more concentrator blocks.

Abstract: A new approach towards transmitting media across a network is disclosed. In an embodiment, the sender prioritizes the data to be sent from a pool of candidate data, and sends it under some bandwidth constraint. The pool of candidate data reflects the present state of the media, and certain data may be discarded without being sent if it becomes irrelevant to the present state of the media. The receiver sends feedback regarding what data is received by it, which may be used for choosing candidate data, or for prioritizing it.

Abstract: An energy efficient polarized linear light source system is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system comprises a reflector and a reflecting polarizer. A transparent linear light source and a quarter wave retarder are placed in between the reflector and reflecting polarizer. The polarized linear light source may be used as an illuminator for an efficient polarized surface light source.

Abstract: A photo luminescent light source is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a light conducting medium. This light conducting medium includes particles of photoluminescent material, and a light source placed along an edge of it. The photoluminescent material absorbs light generated by the light source, and emanates light of the wavelength characterized by the photoluminescence properties of particles. The distribution of light emitting photoluminescent particles is varied throughout the medium to emanate a predetermined light pattern. In another embodiment, the light source emits light of multiple colors. In yet another embodiment, the light source emits polarized light.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing a linear light source emitting light in a narrow cone of directions is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a linear light source and a sheet designed in such a way that light is emanated out in a narrow set of directions. Also disclosed is a directional surface light source using a directional linear light source.

Abstract: An apparatus for efficiently coupling light from a light source into a thin object such as a rod or a sheet is disclosed. In an embodiment, the apparatus comprises a sheet and a linear light source placed along the edge of the sheet. The light from linear light source is coupled into the sheet using one or more concentrator blocks. In another embodiment, the apparatus comprises a rod and a point light source placed near one end of the rod. The light from point light source is coupled into the rod using one or more concentrator blocks.

Abstract: A directional light source comprising refractive and reflective optics is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system comprises refracting apparatus which refracts light into a narrow cone, and reflecting apparatus which recycles light into a direction such that light will emanate from the refracting apparatus in the desired narrow cone.