Abstract: An image determination apparatus is provided which obtains a first image which is picked up by illuminating the subject of image pickup from a first position and a second image which is picked up by illuminating the subject of image pickup from a second position. The image determination apparatus determines whether or not the subject of image pickup is a living body from a change in shading on the first picked up image and the second picked up image. Further, an individual authentication apparatus that includes an image pickup unit and a control unit determines whether a subject is a living body from a change in shading on a first picked up image and a second picked up image. If the subject is a living body, an authentication function is initiated using a third picked up image, the authentication function determining whether or not to authorize the subject.

Abstract: An image determination apparatus is provided which can determine whether a subject of image pickup is a living body or a nonliving body such as a photograph of a face or a print on which a face is printed. An individual authentication apparatus obtains a right direction illumination image which is picked up by illuminating the subject of image pickup from its right side and a left direction illumination image which is picked up by illuminating the subject of image pickup from its left side. In the case in which the subject of image pickup is a living body, a left side is shaded in the right direction illumination image and, on the contrary, a right side is shaded in the left direction illumination image due to unevenness such as a nose and eyes.

Abstract: An organism collating device for collating concordance of an organism in dimension with characteristics of the registered organisms includes a storage means for storing attribute data classifying kinds of organisms relating to the characteristics of the organisms, an extraction means for extracting organism characteristics and attribute data from the organism, and a collation means for searching the organism characteristics stored in the storage means based the attribute data executed by the extraction means to collate the searched organism characteristics with the extracted organism characteristics for specifying an organism.

Abstract: A card processing device for processing data on a card comprising a processor configured to move along with the card and process data on the card as it is moving, a detection device which detects the displacement of the processor relative to the card in a manner which is directly dependent on the movement of either the card or the processor, and a converter device which converts the signal from the detection device to a reference signal for the processing of the data.