Abstract: A dual structure is introduced to the transistor in a flip-flop or a data input step controlled by a clock of a semiconductor logic circuit. The dual structure is formed by connecting a transistor with a MOS transistor having a channel of the same conductivity type in series with respect to the line of a source or drain and connecting their gates to each other, or by connecting an inverter with p-MOS transistors, one for VDD side and one for VSS side of the output step. The dual structure prevents single event phenomenon in a semiconductor logic circuit, such as inverter, SRAM and data latch circuit.

Abstract: A dual structure is introduced to the transistor in a flip-flop or a data input step controlled by a clock of a semiconductor logic circuit. The dual structure is formed by connecting a transistor with a MOS transistor having a channel of the same conductivity type in series with respect to the line of a source or drain and connecting their gates to each other, or by connecting an inverter with p-MOS transistors, one for VDD side and one for VSS side of the output step. The dual structure prevents single event phenomenon in a semiconductor logic circuit, such as inverter, SRAM and data latch circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preventing the adhesion of marine animals and plants to the bottom of ships comprising applying thereto an antifouling coating composition containing vehicle materials and, as an antifouling agent, an organotin compound having the formula [I], ##STR1## (wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having from one to eight carbon atoms and an aryl group having from six to eight carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is an alkylene group having from one to four carbon atoms, and each of X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 is a component chosen from the group of hydrogen, bromine, chlorine, iodine and methyl radical, provided that at least one of X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 is bromine, chlorine or iodine).

Abstract: Provided is an anti-fouling paint composition for preventing, for an extended period of time, fouling of submersed or submerged objects or marine structures. The paint composition comprises as an anti-fouling agent a reaction product prepared by the esterification of a copolymer (a) comprised of units derived from at least one trialkyl-tin carboxylate of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R' is H or CH.sub.3, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and selected from (C 1 to 8) alkyl groups and a phenyl group, and units derived from at least one carboxylic acid of the formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(R")CO.OH (II)wherein R" is H or CH.sub.3, with a copolymer (b) comprised of units derived from at least one phenoxyaceticalkyl carboxylate of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R'" is H or CH.sub.3, n is an integer of 2 to 4, R.sub.4 is Cl or (C 1 to 4) alkyl group, R.sub.5 is Cl or Br and R.sub.6 is H, Cl or Br, and units derived from at least one hydroxyalkyl carboxylate of the formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(R"")CO.

Abstract: Provided is an anti-fouling paint composition for preventing for an extended period of time fouling of submersed or submerged objects or marine structures. The paint composition comprises as an anti-fouling agent a copolymer comprised of (i) units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R' is H or CH.sub.3 and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and selected from (Cl to 8) alkyl groups and a phenyl group, (ii) units of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R" is H or CH.sub.3, n is an integer of 2 to 4, R.sub.4 is Cl or (Cl to 4) alkyl group, R.sub.5 is Cl or Br and R.sub.6 is H, Cl or Br, and (iii) units of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R'" is H or CH.sub.3 and R.sub.7 is (Cl to 8) alkyl group.

Abstract: Monoalkyl-tin-trihalides are prepared in a high yield by a method in which a stannous halide reacts with an alkyl halide in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalytic substance selected from the group consisting of magnesium, iodine, bromine, Grignard reagents and a mixture of two or more of the above-mentioned substances, the organic material being selected from liquid alcohols, tetrahydrofuran, liquid organic acids, liquid esters of organic acids, liquid ketones, liquid hydrocarbons and mixtures of two or more of the above-mentioned compounds, and the resultant monoalkyl-tin-trihalide is isolated from the reaction mixture.