Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) printed simulator that simulates at least a portion of a body is provided. The simulator includes a first simulated organ made of a first material having a first set of physical parameters, a second simulated organ made of a second material having a second set of physical parameters, and a transition layer made of a third material having a third set of physical parameters provided between the first simulated organ and the second simulated organ. The transition layer defines an anatomical plane between the first and second simulated organs.

Abstract: A three-dimensional printed swab may include a shaft defining a longitudinal axis of the swab, and a tip portion integrally formed with the shaft. The tip portion may include a body extending outward from the shaft and positioned coaxially with the longitudinal axis, and a plurality of protrusions each extending outward from the body and transverse to the longitudinal axis. Alternatively, the tip portion may include a body extending outward from the shaft and positioned coaxially with the longitudinal axis, and a plurality of recesses each defined in the body and extending inward toward the longitudinal axis. As another alternative, the tip portion may include a body extending outward from the shaft and positioned coaxially with the longitudinal axis, and a series of annular ribs each extending outward from the body and positioned coaxially with the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A three-dimensional printed swab may include a shaft defining a longitudinal axis of the swab, and a tip portion integrally formed with the shaft. The tip portion may include a plurality of protrusions each extending outward from the shaft and transverse to the longitudinal axis. A method for fabricating a three-dimensional printed swab may include receiving a digital three-dimensional model corresponding to the swab, and integrally forming, via three-dimensional printing and based at least in part on the digital three-dimensional model, a shaft and a tip portion of the swab. The shaft may define a longitudinal axis of the swab. The tip portion may include a plurality of protrusions each extending outward from the shaft and transverse to the longitudinal axis.