Abstract: Limited-number-of-use neuromodulator apparatuses that may be comfortably worn on the skin of a user to non-invasively apply transdermal electrical stimulation (TES). The apparatuses described herein may be include a flexible/bendable substrate and an elastomeric cover (e.g., formed of an elastomeric fabric). These apparatuses may be simplified, to run autonomously. These apparatuses may also include improved power management features.

Abstract: Limited-number-of-use neuromodulator apparatuses that may be comfortably worn on the skin of a user to non-invasively apply transdermal electrical stimulation (TES). The apparatuses described herein may be include a flexible/bendable substrate and an elastomeric cover (e.g., formed of an elastomeric fabric). These apparatuses may be simplified, to run autonomously. These apparatuses may also include improved power management features.

Abstract: Limited-number-of-use neuromodulator apparatuses that may be comfortably worn on the skin of a user to non-invasively apply transdermal electrical stimulation (TES). The apparatuses described herein may be include a flexible/bendable substrate and an elastomeric cover (e.g., formed of an elastomeric fabric). These apparatuses may be simplified, to run autonomously. These apparatuses may also include improved power management features.

Abstract: Portable transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) applicators for modifying a subject's cognitive state by applying stimulation to the subject's skin. One or more electrode may be on the subject's mastoid, and/or on or near the back of the subject's neck. The portable applicators are configured and adapted to be lightweight and may be wearable, and to deliver a high-intensity TES able to evoke or enhance a predetermined cognitive effect to stimulate either the trigeminal, facial and/or cervical plexus. These TES applicators may include a pair of electrodes and a TES control module comprising a processor, a timer and a waveform generator.

Abstract: Limited-number-of-use neuromodulator apparatuses that may be comfortably worn on the skin of a user to non-invasively apply transdermal electrical stimulation (TES). The apparatuses described herein may be include a flexible/bendable substrate and an elastomeric cover (e.g., formed of an elastomeric fabric). These apparatuses may be simplified, to run autonomously. These apparatuses may also include improved power management features.

Abstract: Portable transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) applicators for modifying a subject's cognitive state by applying stimulation to the subject's skin. One or more electrode may be on the subject's mastoid, and/or on or near the back of the subject's neck. The portable applicators are configured and adapted to be lightweight and may be wearable, and to deliver a high-intensity TES able to evoke or enhance a predetermined cognitive effect to stimulate either the trigeminal, facial and/or cervical plexus. These TES applicators may include a pair of electrodes and a TES control module comprising a processor, a timer and a waveform generator.

Abstract: Apparatuses (e.g., devices, systems), and methods for transdermal electrical stimulation (TES). Apparatuses described herein can be self-contained, lightweight, and wearable. The apparatuses and methods described herein be configured to apply an ensemble current waveform between the two or more electrodes, wherein the ensemble current waveform comprises a series of component waveforms that are sequentially applied, and wherein each component waveform is different from a component waveform immediately before it and wherein transitions between the component waveforms temporally correlates with transitions in the sensory experience. Also described are neurostimulators for application of transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) and methods of using them for comfortably inducing a cognitive effect. Also described are Methods and apparatuses for amplitude modulation of all or a portion of an ensemble waveform to modify a user's cognitive state by transdermal electrical stimulation (TES).

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for treating a medical disorder by the application of non-invasive electrical stimulation. The applied electrical energy may cause autonomic nervous system (ANS) neuromodulation. In general, described herein are methods for electrical energy to a subject, and particularly to the subject's neck with an electrical waveform adapted to improve the medical disorder. Specifically, described herein are methods and apparatuses for treating a patient having psoriasis by non-invasively applying electrical energy.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for improving sleep by transdermal electrical stimulation (TES). In general, described herein are methods for applying TES to a subject, and particularly the subject's head (e.g., temple/forehead region) and/or neck with an TES waveform adapted to improve sleep, including reducing sleep onset (falling to sleep) more quickly and/or lengthening the duration of sleep. TES waveform(s) particularly well suited to enhancing sleep are also described herein.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for improving sleep by transdermal electrical stimulation (TES). In general, described herein are methods for applying TES to a subject, and particularly the subject's head (e.g., temple/forehead region) and/or neck with an TES waveform adapted to improve sleep, including reducing sleep onset (falling to sleep) more quickly and/or lengthening the duration of sleep. TES waveform(s) particularly well suited to enhancing sleep are also described herein.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and apparatuses for the application of transdermal electrical stimulation (TES). The apparatuses described herein include neck-worn devices having electrodes (or configured to connect to electrodes, including automatically self-connecting to electrodes) adapted to couple to the midline of the back of user's neck. A neck-worn controller may be configured as a cord, band, wire, torc, necklace, loop, strap, or the like, and may be rigid or semi-rigid and may be worn at least partially around the subject's neck. The controller may controllably apply one or more waveforms to the electrodes of the electrode pad (e.g., patch) to deliver TES adapted to treat a disorder (e.g., psoriasis) and/or to induce or enhance a relaxed cognitive state.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for improving sleep by transdermal electrical stimulation (TES). In general, described herein are methods for applying TES to a subject, and particularly the subject's head (e.g., temple/forehead region) and/or neck with an TES waveform adapted to improve sleep, including reducing sleep onset (falling to sleep) more quickly and/or lengthening the duration of sleep. TES waveform(s) particularly well suited to enhancing sleep are also described herein.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods of applying transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) to a subject to enhance a concurrent sensory experience, by applying the TES to the subject's head or head and neck from two or more electrodes that are coupled to a neurostimulator. The apparatuses and methods described herein be configured to apply an ensemble current waveform between the two or more electrodes, wherein the ensemble current waveform comprises a series of component waveforms that are sequentially applied, and wherein each component waveform is different from a component waveform immediately before it and wherein transitions between the component waveforms temporally correlates with transitions in the sensory experience. Also described herein are apparatuses and methods for applying TES to a subject's face or face and neck, wherein one end of the TES applicator (e.g., strip electrode) contacts the subject's cheek and/or mastoid. Finally, user interfaces for controlling TES are also described.

Abstract: Portable transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) applicators for modifying a subject's cognitive state by applying stimulation to the subject's skin. One or more electrode may be on the subject's mastoid, and/or on or near the back of the subject's neck. The portable applicators are configured and adapted to be lightweight and may be wearable, and to deliver a high-intensity TES able to evoke or enhance a predetermined cognitive effect to stimulate either the trigeminal, facial and/or cervical plexus. These TES applicators may include a pair of electrodes and a TES control module comprising a processor, a timer and a waveform generator.

Abstract: Limited-number-of-use neuromodulator apparatuses that may be comfortably worn on the skin of a user to non-invasively apply transdermal electrical stimulation (TES). The apparatuses described herein may be include a flexible/bendable substrate and an elastomeric cover (e.g., formed of an elastomeric fabric). These apparatuses may be simplified, to run autonomously. These apparatuses may also include improved power management features.

Abstract: Portable transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) applicators for modifying a subject's cognitive state by applying stimulation to the subject's skin. One or more electrode may be on the subject's mastoid, and/or on or near the back of the subject's neck. The portable applicators are configured and adapted to be lightweight and may be wearable, and to deliver a high-intensity TES able to evoke or enhance a predetermined cognitive effect to stimulate either the trigeminal, facial and/or cervical plexus. These TES applicators may include a pair of electrodes and a TES control module comprising a processor, a timer and a waveform generator.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for treating a medical disorder by the application of non-invasive electrical stimulation. The applied electrical energy may cause autonomic nervous system (ANS) neuromodulation. In general, described herein are methods for electrical energy to a subject, and particularly to the subject's neck with an electrical waveform adapted to improve the medical disorder. Specifically, described herein are methods and apparatuses for treating a patient having psoriasis by non-invasively applying electrical energy.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and apparatuses for the application of transdermal electrical stimulation (TES). The apparatuses described herein include neck-worn devices having electrodes (or configured to connect to electrodes, including automatically self-connecting to electrodes) adapted to couple to the midline of the back of user's neck. A neck-worn controller may be configured as a cord, band, wire, torc, necklace, loop, strap, or the like, and may be rigid or semi-rigid and may be worn at least partially around the subject's neck. The controller may controllably apply one or more waveforms to the electrodes of the electrode pad (e.g., patch) to deliver TES adapted to treat a disorder (e.g., psoriasis) and/or to induce or enhance a relaxed cognitive state.

Abstract: Methods for allowing a user to control a neuromodulator to modify a cognitive state being experienced by the user. The user may select a waveform ensemble from a hand-held user device having an interface, and the user may adjust the perceived intensity of the applied waveform ensemble with the user device while the waveform ensemble is being applied. Also described are methods of managing communication between the hand-held user device (such as a smartphone or the like) and a wearable neurostimulator. Methods of displaying and visually tracking and controlling the applied waveform ensemble are also described herein.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and apparatuses for the application of transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) in order to modulate a user's cognitive state to induce a state of calm or relaxation. The apparatuses described herein include neck-worn devices having electrodes (or configured to connect to electrodes, including automatically self-connecting to electrodes) adapted to couple to the midline of the back of user's neck. A neck-worn controller may be configured as a cord, band, wire, torc, necklace, loop, strap, or the like, and may be rigid or semi-rigid and may be worn at least partially around the subject's neck. The controller may controllably apply one or more waveforms to the electrodes of the electrode pad (e.g., patch) to deliver TES adapted to induce or enhance a relaxed cognitive state.