Abstract: Disclosed are a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) and a method of manufacturing the same. The MEA include an electrolyte membrane and a pair of electrodes, the electrodes being disposed on both surfaces of the electrolyte membrane, respectively. At least one of the electrolyte membranes and electrodes includes an ion-conducting polymer having a proton-conducting functional group, and a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 is bonded to each of all or some of the proton-conducting functional groups including the Chemical Formula 1 of MAx, wherein M is an element belonging to the lanthanum group, A is a hydrophilic functional group, and X is a numerical value for balance of charges between A and M. Since the MEA includes an ion-conducting polymer having good chemical durability and proton conductivity, the MEA is durable and has high proton conductivity.

Abstract: An embodiment rear frame includes a pair of side portions spaced apart from each other in a width direction of a vehicle, a first cross portion connecting front portions of the side portions, and a second cross portion connecting rear portions of the side portions, wherein the side portions and the first and second cross portions together are a unitary one-piece structure, and wherein each side portion includes a front mounting surface on which a front mount of a rear subframe is mounted, a front recessed structure on the front mounting surface, a rear mounting surface on which a rear mount of the rear subframe is mounted, and a rear recessed structure on the rear mounting surface, the front and rear recessed structures each having a pocket shape with an open top and a through hole.

Abstract: An embodiment rear frame includes a pair of side portions spaced apart from each other in a width direction of a vehicle, a first cross portion connecting front portions of the pair of side portions and having a first mounting boss on which a front seat mount for a vehicle seat is mounted, and a second cross portion connecting rear portions of the pair of side portions and having a second mounting boss on which a rear seat mount for a vehicle seat is mounted, wherein the pair of side portions, the first cross portion, and the second cross portion together are a unitary one-piece structure.

Abstract: An embodiment rear frame includes a pair of side portions spaced apart from each other in a width direction of a vehicle, each side portion having a damper receptacle in which a suspension damper is mounted, a first cross portion connecting front portions of the pair of side portions, and a second cross portion connecting rear portions of the pair of side portions, wherein the pair of side portions, the first cross portion, and the second cross portion together are a unitary one-piece structure.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a multilayer electronic component includes disposing first internal electrode patterns including a first main portion and a first convex portion, thicker than the first main portion, at a first gap, on a first dielectric green sheet, and forming a first sheet by applying a first dielectric paste to the first gap and the first internal electrode patterns, disposing second internal electrode patterns including a second main portion and a second convex portion, thicker than the second main portion, at a second gap, on a second dielectric green sheet, and forming a second sheet by applying a second dielectric paste to the second gap and the second internal electrode patterns, forming a laminated bar by alternately disposing the first sheet and the second sheet, forming a laminate by cutting the laminated bar, and forming an external electrode on the laminate.

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component includes a body having first and second surfaces opposing each other in a first direction, third and fourth surfaces opposing each other in a second direction, and fifth and sixth surfaces opposing each other in a third direction, the body including a capacitance formation portion including a dielectric layer and an internal electrode, and a cover portion, and an external electrode. When maximum sizes of the multilayer electronic component in the first to third directions are L, W and T, respectively, average sizes of the cover portion, dielectric layer, and internal electrode in the first direction are tc, td, and te, respectively, 0.75 mm?L?1.25 mm, 0.25 mm?W?0.75 mm, T<0.5 mm, 28 ?m?tc?34 ?m, 0.4 ?m?td?0.5 ?m, and 0.4 ?m?te?0.5 ?m are satisfied.

Abstract: A reinforced structural member includes a structural member having a hole and having a closed, and/or partially closed, cross-section, and a reinforcement fixed to the structural member. A portion of the reinforcement may be inserted into the structural member through the hole, and the hole and the reinforcement may be configured to align with a mount portion of an associated component when the associated component is mounted on the structural member.

Abstract: A method of preparing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is provided. The method includes preparing renewable feedstocks and introducing the renewable feedstocks as a reactant into a hydroprocessing reaction in the presence of a catalyst, in which the catalyst includes a metal and zeolite, and the zeolite is a one-dimensional 10 membered-ring (1D 10MR) zeolite. In addition, in the hydroprocessing reaction, the conversion of fractions having boiling points above an SAF boiling point range is lower than and equal to 50%.

Abstract: A touch sensor according to an embodiment includes a transparent substrate layer having an active region and an inactive region, and a conductive pattern formed on the active region and including a stacked structure of a metal layer and a blackened layer. A color difference defined by Equation 1 is 10 or less.

Abstract: Provided are a vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus and a controlling method of the vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus. The vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus includes at least one nozzle for spraying air and/or a washer fluid onto at least one sensor, at least one distributor for supplying the air and/or the washer fluid to at least one nozzle, and a spray controller for controlling a spray of a nozzle for each channel through an on/off control of a motor of the air tank and/or a motor of the washer fluid tank and an on/off control of the at least one distributor. The spray controller controls such that a time difference exists between an ON time of the motor of the air tank and/or the motor of the washer fluid tank and an ON time of the distributor.

Abstract: A vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus and a control method of the vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus are disclosed. The vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus includes at least one compressor configured to compress and store air in an air tank, a plurality of air nozzles configured to spray the air stored in the air tank to a plurality of sensors located in a vehicle, at least one air distributor configured to distribute the air stored in the air tank to the plurality of air nozzles through an air hose, and an air controller configured to control the at least one compressor and the at least one air distributor. The air controller is further configured to determine whether there is air leakage based on a pressure value of the air tank and/or the air hose when spraying air, a pressure value of the air tank and/or the air hose when filling the air tank with air, or a pressure value of the air distributor.

Abstract: This application relates to a coating layer composition and a coating layer formed using the coating layer composition. The coating layer composition includes a heat-resistant binder, a hydroxy group-containing polyimide particle, a silane cross-linking agent, and a solvent. The hydroxy group-containing polyimide particle and the functional group-containing silane cross-linking agent form a core-shell structured organic particle in which a core portion is derived from the hydroxy group-containing polyimide particles and a shell portion that is derived from the functional group-containing silane cross-linking agent. The shell portion is on the surface of the core portion in the core-shell structured organic particle. The application also relates to a separator for a rechargeable lithium battery and a rechargeable lithium battery including the separator having a coating layer formed using the coating layer composition.

Abstract: A touch sensor according to an embodiment includes a transparent substrate layer having an active region and an inactive region, and a conductive pattern formed on the active region and including a stacked structure of a metal layer and a blackened layer. A color difference defined by Equation 1 is 10 or less.

Abstract: A vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus and a control method of the vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus are disclosed. The vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus includes a washer pump motor configured to spray washer fluid on at least one sensor located in a vehicle, and a liquid controller configured to control the washer pump motor. The liquid controller is further configured to stop the washer pump motor from operating for a predefined idle time when a number of operations of the washer pump motor reaches a predefined maximum number of operations.

Abstract: A vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus and a control method of the vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus are disclosed. The vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus includes a liquid sprayer configured to spray washer fluid at at least one sensor located in a vehicle through a motor drive, an air sprayer configured to spray air at the at least one sensor, a liquid controller configured to control washer fluid spraying by the liquid sprayer according to a cleaning request signal received from a vehicle controller, and an air controller configured to control air spraying by the air sprayer according to a cleaning request signal received from the vehicle controller.

Abstract: A vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus and a control method of the vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus are disclosed. The vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus includes a liquid controller configured to control washer fluid spraying to at least one sensor located in a vehicle, and an air controller configured to control air spraying to at least one sensor located in the vehicle, wherein the liquid controller and/or the air controller are further configured to dynamically adjust a duty cycle of a control signal according to vehicle speed and/or an amount of rain.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a discharge pressure of a fluid includes: a pump configured to suck the fluid through an inlet or to discharge the sucked fluid through an outlet; a distributor connected to the pump and to an injection nozzle provided by a sensor and configured to distribute the fluid discharged from the pump to the sensor; and a controller. The controller is configured to control the pump to operate selectively in accordance with detection of contamination of the sensor and to control operation of the distributor to be forcibly delayed during operation of the pump such that the fluid distributed to the sensor, when detected as being contaminated, is controlled to reach a selected required discharge pressure of different required discharge pressures selected in accordance with water amount information and a degree of contamination of the sensor.

Abstract: Provided are a vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus and a control method thereof. The vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus includes a liquid sprayer configured to spray washer fluid on at least one sensor arranged in a vehicle, an air sprayer configured to spray air on the at least one sensor, a liquid controller configured to control washer fluid spraying of the liquid sprayer, and an air controller configured to control air spraying of the air sprayer.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a discharge pressure of a fluid includes: a pump configured to suck the fluid through an inlet or to discharge the sucked fluid through an outlet; a distributor connected to the pump and to an injection nozzle provided by a sensor and configured to distribute the fluid discharged from the pump to the sensor; and a controller. The controller is configured to control the pump to operate selectively in accordance with detection of contamination of the sensor and to control operation of the distributor to be forcibly delayed during operation of the pump such that the fluid distributed to the sensor, when detected as being contaminated, is controlled to reach a selected required discharge pressure of different required discharge pressures selected in accordance with water amount information and a degree of contamination of the sensor.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrolyte membrane with excellent durability resulting from the inclusion of a metal-organic framework (MOF), and a membrane-electrode assembly including the same. The electrolyte membrane may include an ionomer; and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in which a first metal ion and an organic ligand are coordinated.