Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) audio reproducing method and apparatus is provided. The 3D audio reproducing method may include receiving a multichannel signal comprising a plurality of input channels; and performing downmixing according to a frequency range of the multichannel signal in order to format-convert the plurality of input channels into a plurality of output channels having elevation.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an electronic apparatus including: a user input unit; an audio output unit; and a processor configured to identify whether a changing pattern of audio volume levels is present based on a history of the audio volume levels set by a user for a predetermined period of time, perform automatic volume-level control, by which an audio volume level of the audio output unit is controlled based on the changing pattern of the audio volume levels, based on presence of the corresponding pattern, and perform no automatic volume-level control, based on absence of the changing pattern of the audio volume levels.

Abstract: A three-dimensional sound reproducing method includes: acquiring a multichannel audio signal; rendering signals to a channel to be reproduced according to channel information and a frequency of the multichannel audio signal; and mixing the rendered signals.

Abstract: A hybrid type filtration structure for filtering liquid includes a first active layer, a porous supporting layer and a permeable layer. The first active layer has a first nano pore inner wall of which a function group included compound is combined with. The porous supporting layer has a plurality of pores and is disposed under the first active layer. The permeable layer is disposed under the porous supporting layer. The porous supporting layer includes a plurality of lipid bilayers having membrane protein inside of the pore, a molecule of water selectively passes through the membrane protein. The first nano pore passes through the first active layer vertically. The first nano pore and the pore are connected with each other through which liquid flows.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) audio reproducing method and apparatus is provided. The 3D audio reproducing method may include receiving a multichannel signal comprising a plurality of input channels; and performing downmixing according to a frequency range of the multichannel signal in order to format-convert the plurality of input channels into a plurality of output channels having elevation.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for decoding audio, The method includes receiving a bitstream consisting of audio packets; decoding an audio packet included in the received bitstream, extracting a type of the decoded packet; obtaining system data from a packet of which system metadata corresponds to the extracted packet type; and transmitting the obtained system data to a system engine, wherein the system data includes at least one of information regarding a type of the system engine and a length of the system data.

Abstract: A method for processing a content by a set-top box according to an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises the steps of: receiving a content including an audio stream; and performing bypassing to output the audio stream to a television (TV) through an output interface without performing a decoding operation for the audio stream, wherein the audio stream includes metadata regarding the content.

Abstract: When a multi-channel signal, such as from a 22.2 channel, is rendered to a 5.1 channel, three-dimensional audio signals can be reproduced by use of a two-dimensional output channel. However, when the elevation of the input channel differs from the standard elevation and an elevation rendering parameter corresponding to the standard elevation is used, audio image distortion occurs.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for decoding audio, The method includes receiving a bitstream consisting of audio packets; decoding an audio packet included in the received bitstream; extracting a type of the decoded packet; obtaining system data from a packet of which system metadata corresponds to the extracted packet type; and transmitting the obtained system data to a system engine, wherein the system data includes at least one of information regarding a type of the system engine and a length of the system data.

Abstract: An energy harvesting system based on reverse electro wetting on a dielectric includes: a dielectric material layer molded with a dielectric material in a panel shape and including an upper end and a lower end; and an electrode layer including a plurality of electrodes coupled to a lower surface of the dielectric material layer. In particular, the upper end of the dielectric material layer is located higher than the lower end and allows a liquid drop to flow from the upper end to the lower end, and the dielectric material layer generates dielectric polarization in the dielectric material layer and continuously varies a flow rate of the liquid drop between the upper end and the lower end of the dielectric material layer. The plurality of electrodes are disposed to be spaced apart from one another in a direction from the upper end to the lower end.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) audio reproducing method and apparatus is provided. The 3D audio reproducing method may include receiving a multichannel signal comprising a plurality of input channels; and performing downmixing according to a frequency range of the multichannel signal in order to format-convert the plurality of input channels into a plurality of output channels having elevation.

Abstract: A three-dimensional sound reproducing method includes: acquiring a multichannel audio signal; rendering signals to a channel to be reproduced according to channel information and a frequency of the multichannel audio signal; and mixing the rendered signals.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for decoding audio, The method includes receiving a bitstream consisting of audio packets; decoding an audio packet included in the received bitstream; extracting a type of the decoded packet; obtaining system data from a packet of which system metadata corresponds to the extracted packet type; and transmitting the obtained system data to a system engine, wherein the system data includes at least one of information regarding a type of the system engine and a length of the system data.

Abstract: A method of processing an audio signal, according to an embodiment of the present invention for solving the technical problem, further includes: receiving a signal for one channel pair element (CPE) to which internal channel gains (ICGs) have been pre-applied; when a reproduction channel configuration is not stereo, acquiring inverse ICGs for the one CPE based on Motion Picture Experts Group surround 212 (MPS212) parameters and on rendering parameters corresponding to MPS212 output channels defined in a format converter; and generating output signals based on the received signal for the one CPE and the acquired inverse ICGs.

Abstract: A method of processing an audio signal includes receiving an audio bitstream encoded via MPEG Surround 212 (MPS212); generating an internal channel (IC) signal for a single channel pair element (CPE), based on the received audio bitstream, equalization (EQ) values for MPS212 output channels defined in a format converter, and gain values for the MPS212 output channels; and generating stereo output channels, based on the generated IC signal.

Abstract: A binaural decoder for an MPEG surround stream, which decodes an MPEG surround stream into a stereo 3D signal, and a decoding method thereof. The method includes dividing a compressed audio stream and head related transfer function (HRTF) data into subbands, selecting predetermined subbands of the HRTF data divided into subbands and filtering the HRTF data to obtain the selected subbands, decoding the audio stream divided into subbands into a stream of multi-channel audio data with respect to subbands according to spatial additional information, and binaural-synthesizing the HRTF data of the selected subbands with the multi-channel audio data of corresponding subbands.

Abstract: Provided are a three-dimensional (3D) sound reproducing method and apparatus. The method includes transmitting sound signals through a head related transfer function (HRTF) corresponding to a first elevation, generating a plurality of sound signals by replicating the filtered sound signals, amplifying or attenuating each of the replicated sound signals based on a gain value corresponding to each of speakers, through which the replicated sound signals will be output, and outputting the amplified or attenuated sound signals through the corresponding speakers.

Abstract: To address the technical problem, provided is a method of processing an audio signal, and the method including: receiving an audio bitstream that is encoded by using MPEG surround 212 (MPS212); obtaining internal channel gains with respect to one channel pair element (CPE) based on MPS212 parameters and rendering parameters about MPS212 output channels defined in a format converter; generating an internal channel signal with respect to the CPE based on the received audio bitstream and the obtained internal channel gains; and generating stereo output channel signals based on the generated internal channel signal.

Abstract: To address the above technical problem, a method of processing an audio signal includes: receiving an audio bitstream that is encoded by using MPEG Surround 212 (MPS212); generating an internal channel signal with respect to one channel pair element (CPE) based on the received audio bitstream and rendering parameters with respect to MPS212 output channels defined in a format converter; allocating a group of internal channels based on an output channel location of a core codec; and generating stereo channel output signals based on the generated internal channel signal and the allocated group of the internal channels.

Abstract: A method of processing an audio signal includes receiving an audio bitstream encoded via MPEG Surround 212 (MPS212); generating an internal channel (IC) signal for a single channel pair element (CPE), based on the received audio bitstream, equalization (EQ) values for MPS212 output channels defined in a format converter, and gain values for the MPS212 output channels; and generating stereo output channels, based on the generated IC signal.