Abstract: Provided are a fluorine-containing monomer soluble in a hydrocarbon-based solvent as well as excellent in water and oil repellence, and a manufacturing method therefor. The fluorine-containing monomer is a carboxylic acid ester/carbamate compound having a polymerizable functional group and a fluorine atom group, and represented by the following general formula: CaF2a+1O—(CbF2bO)c—C2F4COO—Z—(CONHR)d. The method for manufacturing the carboxylic acid ester/carbamate compound is comprised of the steps of making an isocyanate compound having a polymerizable functional group react with an alcohol such as a polyalkylene glycol, a cycloalkane dimethanol, or a polyhydric alcohol to produce a hydroxycarbamate, and subsequently making the resulting hydroxycarbamate react with a perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid halide.

Abstract: Provided are a fluorine-containing monomer soluble in a hydrocarbon-based solvent as well as excellent in water and oil repellence, and a manufacturing method therefor. The fluorine-containing monomer is a carboxylic acid ester/carbamate compound having a polymerizable functional group and a fluorine atom group, and represented by the following general formula: CaF2a+1O—(CbF2bO)c—C2F4COO—Z—(CONHR)d. The method for manufacturing the carboxylic acid ester/carbamate compound is comprised of the steps of making an isocyanate compound having a polymerizable functional group react with an alcohol such as a polyalkylene glycol, a cycloalkane dimethanol, or a polyhydric alcohol to produce a hydroxycarbamate, and subsequently making the resulting hydroxycarbamate react with a perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid halide.

Abstract: Hexafluoroacetone or a hydrate thereof is produced with a high yield by subjecting a 1-fluoro-4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5-trioxolanyl ether compound represented by the general formula: wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or a benzyl group, which has been obtained by ozone oxidation of a heptafluoroisobutenyl ether compound, to a reduction reaction in the presence of a reducing agent selected from dialkyl sulfide containing an alkyl group having 3 or 4 carbon atoms, diaryl sulfide, diaryl disulfide, and diaralkyl sulfide.

Abstract: Hexafluoroacetone or a hydrate thereof is produced with a high yield by subjecting a 1-fluoro-4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5-trioxolanyl ether compound represented by the general formula: wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or a benzyl group, which has been obtained by ozone oxidation of a heptafluoroisobutenyl ether compound, to a reduction reaction in the presence of a reducing agent selected from dialkyl sulfide containing an alkyl group having 3 or 4 carbon atoms, diaryl sulfide, diaryl disulfide, and diaralkyl sulfide.

Abstract: Perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid fluoride having the following general formula: F(CF2CF2CF2O)nCF2CF2COF (n: 2-200, preferably 35-70) can be produced by starting fluorination reaction of polyfluoropolyether carboxylic acid having the general formula as a tetrafluorooxetane polymer: F(CH2CF2CF2O)nCH2CF2COF (n: 2-200) in a dispersed state in a perfluoropolyether-based solvent with a fluorine gas at 50°-80° C., then slowly elevating the fluorination reaction temperature, and finally completing the fluorination reaction at 100°-120° C., where even in the case of fluorination reaction of the starting material with a high degree of polymerization the desired product can be produced in high yield, while suppressing the decomposition and keeping the high degree of polymerization substantially.

Abstract: In the production of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluorooxethane by reaction of tetrafluoroethylene with a compound of formaldehyde generation source in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, the reaction is carried out in the presence of polyfluoroalkylcarboxylic acid or polyfluoroalkyl ester thereof, represented by the following general formula RfCOORf? (where Rf is a polyfluoroalkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms, and Rf? is a hydrogen atom or a polyfluoroalkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms), preferably CF3COOH, CF3COOCH2CF2CF3, or CF3COOCH2CF3, whereby a high reaction yield can be attained.

Abstract: Perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid fluoride having the following general formula: F(CF2CF2CF2O)nCF2CF2COF (n: 2-200, preferably 35-70) can be produced by starting fluorination reaction of polyfluoropolyether carboxylic acid having the general formula as a tetrafluorooxetane polymer: F(CH2CF2CF2O)nCH3CF2COF (n: 2-200) in a dispersed state in a perfluoropolyether-based solvent with a fluorine gas at 50° -80° C. , then slowly elevating the fluorination reaction temperature, and finally completing the fluorination reaction at 100°-120° C., where even in the case of fluorination reaction of the starting material with a high degree of polymerization the desired product can be produced in high yield, while suppressing the decomposition and keeping the high degree of polymerization substantially.

Abstract: In the production of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluorooxetane by reaction of tetrafluoroethylene with a compound of formaldehyde generation source in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, the reaction is carried out in the presence of polyfluoroalkylcarboxylic acid or polyfluoroalkyl ester thereof, represented by the following general formula RfCOORf? (where Rf is a polyfluoroalkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms, and Rf? is a hydrogen atom or a polyfluoroalkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms), preferably CF3COOH, CF3COOCH2CF2CF3, or CF3COOCH2CF3, whereby a high reaction yield can be attained.

Abstract: A polyfluoroalkyl ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid is produced in high yield in a more simple reactor and with much more reduction in the waste than the conventional process based on esterification reaction by subjecting a polyfluoroalkanol represented by the following general formula: Rf—R—OH where Rf is a polyfluoroalkyl group having 1–6 carbon atoms and R is an alkylene group having 1–6 carbon atoms, and an unsaturated carboxylic acid to dehydration reaction in a fluorine-containing solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst and a polymerization inhibitor.

Abstract: A polyfluoroalkyl ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid is produced in high yield in a more simple reactor and with much more reduction in the waste than the conventional process based on esterification reaction by subjecting a polyfluoroalkanol represented by the following general formula: Rf-R—OH , where Rf is a polyfluoroalkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms and R is an alkylene group having 1-6 carbon atoms, and an unsaturated carboxylic acid to dehydration reaction in a fluorine-containing solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst and a polymerization inhibitor.

Abstract: A toner container has a hollow body having a small diameter mouth portion, a ramp surface at one end and a spiral. A removable lid is positioned at the mouth portion so as to close the mouth portion and a lug is provided at the lid.

Abstract: A developer replenishing device for replenishing a developing device with a developer, and a developer container for use therewith. The developer container, or toner bottle, includes a shoulder portion adjoining a first end of a hollow body. The body is formed with a spiral guide for guiding a developer stored in the developer container. The shoulder portion forms a wall and includes an engaging portion engageable with driver that causes the body to rotate. The engaging portion includes a lug protruding from the shoulder portion which allows a characteristic of toner to be identified. The engaging portion has an outside surface of a guide portion that guides a developer stored in the developer container. Two engaging portions may be angularly spaced from each other by 180 degrees.

Abstract: A developer replenishing device for replenishing a developing device with a developer, and a developer container for use therewith. The developer container, or toner bottle, includes a shoulder portion adjoining a first end of a hollow body. The body is formed with a spiral guide for guiding a developer stored in the developer container. The shoulder portion forms a wall and includes an engaging portion engageable with driver that causes the body to rotate. The engaging portion includes a lug protruding from the shoulder portion which allows a characteristic of toner to be identified. The engaging portion has an outside surface of a guide portion that guides a developer stored in the developer container. Two engaging portions may be angularly spaced from each other by 180 degrees.

Abstract: A developer replenishing device for replenishing a developing device with a developer, and a developer container for use therewith. The developer container, or toner bottle, includes a shoulder portion adjoining a first end of a hollow body. The body is formed with a spiral guide for guiding a developer stored in the developer container. The shoulder portion forms a wall and includes an engaging portion engageable with driver that causes the body to rotate. The engaging portion includes a lug protruding from the shoulder portion which allows a characteristic of toner to be identified. The engaging portion has an outside surface of a guide portion that guides a developer stored in the developer container. Two engaging portions may be angularly spaced from each other by 180 degrees.

Abstract: A fluoroelastomer composition comprising (1) a fluoroelastomer consisting essentially of tetrafluoroethylene units, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) units and cyano group containing perfluorovinyl ether units; (2) a specified silane coupling agent; (3) a crosslinking agent and (4) an inorganic filler. This fluoroelastomer composition enables improving the moldability of a crosslinkable composition containing an inorganic filler other than carbon black.

Abstract: A developer replenishing device for replenishing a developing device with a developer, and a developer container for use therewith. The developer container, or toner bottle, includes a shoulder portion adjoining a first end of a hollow body. The body is formed with a spiral guide for guiding a developer stored in the developer container. The shoulder portion forms a wall and includes an engaging portion engageable with driver that causes the body to rotate. The engaging portion includes a lug protruding from the shoulder portion which allows a characteristic of toner to be identified. The engaging portion has an outside surface of a guide portion that guides a developer stored in the developer container. Two engaging portions may be angularly spaced from each other by 180 degrees.

Abstract: Monoester monoacid fluoride of dicarboxylic acid is produced by allowing dicaroxylic acid fluoride represented by the following general formula: FOCCF(CF3)OCF2(A)p(CF2)qCOF where A is a bifunctional perfluorinated group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; p is 0 or 1; and q is 0 or an integer of 1-10, to react with an alcohol having at least 3 carbon atoms, thereby esterifying the terminal CF2COF group. Such selective monoesterification reaction is effective for separation and purification of a dicarboxylic acid difluoride isomer mixture comprising symmetrical dicarboxylic acid difluoride and asymmetrical dicarboxylic acid difluoride.

Abstract: A fluoroelastomer obtained by polymerizing (a) tetrafluoroethylene, (b) a perfluoro (alkyl vinyl) ether and (c) a cyano group containing perfluorovinyl ether, in the presence of a brominated compound represented by the general formula:

Abstract: A developer replenishing device for replenishing a developing device with a developer, and a developer container for use therewith. The developer container, or toner bottle, has a mouth portion at one end thereof which is smaller in diameter than a hollow cylindrical main body. At the end of the bottle provided with the mouth, a shoulder has the inner periphery thereof partly raised to the edge of the mouth portion to form a raised portion for scooping up a toner. In addition, a part of the inner periphery of the circumferential wall of the bottle which is contiguous with the raised portion is also raised toward the axis of the bottle about which the bottle is rotatable, thereby forming another raised portion. When the bottle is mounted to a bottle holder, which is included in the replenishing device, substantially horizontally with the mouth portion oriented sideways, the bottle is rotated to raise the toner from the bottom of the main body to the mouth portion.

Abstract: In a developing device included in an image forming apparatus, a toner cartridge has a body and a replenishing member disposed in the body. The cartridge makes it needless to adhere or otherwise affix an elastic piece to the edge of the base of the replenishing member that slidably contacts the inner periphery of the body. The replenishing member is capable of scooping up toner while being held in sliding contact with the inner periphery of the body under a constant pressure.