Abstract: A transistor may include a first insulating layer disposed on a substrate, a dummy layer disposed on the first insulating layer, a semiconductor layer disposed on the dummy layer, the semiconductor layer including a first area, a second area, and a channel area disposed between the first and second areas, a second insulating layer disposed on the semiconductor layer, a gate electrode overlapping the channel area with the second insulating interposed therebetween, a third insulating layer disposed over the gate electrode, a first electrode disposed on the third insulating layer, the first electrode being electrically connected to the first area, and a second electrode disposed on the third insulating layer spaced apart from the first electrode, the second electrode being electrically connected to the second area. The dummy layer may include indium oxide, and the semiconductor layer may include indium gallium zinc oxide.

Abstract: A receiver and a detecting method thereof are provided. The receiver includes a plurality of antennas receiving a transmitted signal through multiple paths; and an equalizer collecting a plurality of sample signals by reflecting signals received in other antennas in the signals received in the plurality of antennas, and detecting a symbol of the transmitted signal by combining the plurality of sample signals that are collected with each other.

Abstract: A receiver and a detecting method thereof are provided. The receiver includes a plurality of antennas receiving a transmitted signal through multiple paths; and an equalizer collecting a plurality of sample signals by reflecting signals received in other antennas in the signals received in the plurality of antennas, and detecting a symbol of the transmitted signal by combining the plurality of sample signals that are collected with each other.

Abstract: A broadcast retransmitting method, a broadcast retransmitting apparatus, a relay apparatus and a broadcast retransmitting system using the same, are provided. The broadcast retransmitting apparatus includes a demodulation unit which receives and demodulates a modulated broadcast, a modulation unit which modulates the demodulated broadcast, a spectrum sensing unit which detects an available band through spectrum sensing, and a control unit which retransmits the modulated broadcast to at least one surrounding apparatus.

Abstract: A broadcast retransmitting method, a broadcast retransmitting apparatus, a relay apparatus and a broadcast retransmitting system using the same, are provided. The broadcast retransmitting apparatus includes a demodulation unit which receives and demodulates a modulated broadcast, a modulation unit which modulates the demodulated broadcast, a spectrum sensing unit which detects an available band through spectrum sensing, and a control unit which retransmits the modulated broadcast to at least one surrounding apparatus.