Abstract: The present specification discloses a method of decoding an image. The method of decoding an image according to the method includes: obtaining transform skip information of a current block from a bitstream; obtaining multiple transform selection information of the current block on the basis of the transform skip information from the bitstream; and performing inverse transform on the current block on the basis of the multiple transform selection information, wherein the multiple transform selection information is used to set each of a horizontal transform type and a vertical transform type.

Abstract: The present invention provides: an ethylene oligomerization method in which an ethylene oligomer is produced by reacting a chromium complex, an organic aluminium compound, and an organic zinc compound with ethylene; and the ethylene oligomer thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vacuum chuck and a method for securing a warped semiconductor substrate during a semiconductor manufacturing process so as to improve its flatness during a semiconductor manufacturing process. For example, a semiconductor manufacturing system includes: a vacuum chuck configured to hold a substrate, wherein the vacuum chuck comprises, a plurality of vacuum grooves located on a top surface of the vacuum chuck, wherein the top surface is configured to face the substrate; and a plurality of flexible seal rings disposed on the vacuum chuck and extending outwardly from the top surface, wherein the plurality of flexible seal rings are configured to directly contact a bottom surface of the substrate and in adjacent to the plurality of vacuum grooves so as to form a vacuum seal between the substrate and the vacuum chuck, and wherein each of the plurality of flexible seal rings has a zigzag cross section.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing system includes a support to hold a polishing pad, a carrier head to hold a substrate against the polishing pad during a polishing process, an in-situ monitoring system configured to generate a signal indicative of an amount of material on the substrate, a temperature control system to control a temperature of the polishing process, and a controller coupled to the in-situ monitoring system and the temperature control system. The controller is configured to cause the temperature control system to vary the temperature of the polishing process in response to the signal.

Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a video encoding/decoding method and apparatus. The video decoding method according to the present invention may comprise decoding filter information on a coding unit; classifying samples in the coding unit into classes on a per block classification unit basis; and filtering the coding unit having the samples classified into the classes on a per block classification unit basis by using the filter information.

Abstract: A power trading system of virtual power plant includes a plurality of virtual power plants connected to a power system and including a distributed energy resource; a heat conversion device connected to the power system and converting the power generated from the plurality of distributed energy resources into thermal energy; and a power trading device configured to analyze an excess and insufficient power amount of the plurality of virtual power plant due to an output variation of the distributed energy resource, control power trading between the plurality of virtual power plant, the power system, or the heat conversion device by using the analysis result of the excess and insufficient power amount to stabilize the output of the power system and the virtual power plant.

Abstract: A semiconductor device package includes a number of interposers mounted to the carrier, wherein the number of interposers may be arranged in an irregular pattern.

Abstract: A method for removing inorganic substances from wastewater is provided. The method includes: providing a fluidized bed reactor, wherein carriers are added into the fluidized bed reactor, and the carriers includes polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), alumina (Al2O3) with purity more than 95 wt %, or combinations thereof; introducing the wastewater containing the inorganic substances and a first reagent into the fluidized bed reactor; fluidizing the carriers in the fluidized bed reactor, and making the inorganic substances in the wastewater reacting with the first reagent to form crystals, wherein the crystals are formed on the outer surfaces of the carriers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a video encoding/decoding method and apparatus. The video decoding method according to the present invention may comprise dividing a coding unit into a plurality of sub-units according to a block division structure and performing decoding based on the sub-unit, wherein the block division structure is a block division structure in which division is performed so as to include at least one sub-unit having a predetermined block form other than square and rectangle forms.

Abstract: An image decoding method according to the present invention includes reconstructing a residual block by inverse-quantizing and inverse-transforming an entropy-decoded residual block, generating a prediction block by performing intra prediction on a current block, and reconstructing an picture by adding the reconstructed residual block to the prediction block, wherein generating the prediction block includes generating a final prediction value of a prediction target pixel included in the current block based on a first prediction value of the prediction target pixel and a final correction value calculated by performing an arithmetic right shift on a two's complementary integer representation for an initial correction value of the prediction target pixel by a binary digit of 1. Accordingly, upon image encoding/decoding, computation complexity may be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for setting a reference picture index of a temporal merging candidate. An inter-picture prediction method using a temporal merging candidate can include the steps of determining a reference picture index for a current block; and inducing a temporal merging candidate block of the current block and calculating a temporal merging candidate from the temporal merging candidate block, wherein the reference picture index of the temporal merging candidate can be calculated regardless of whether a block other than the current block is decoded. Accordingly, a video processing speed can be increased and video processing complexity can be reduced.

Abstract: Provided a virtual Layer 2 (L2) switch for providing a virtual L2 switch service to a factory network that includes at least one control device connected to the factory network through an L2 network and industrial terminals connected to the factory network through a wireless mobile network.

Abstract: Disclosed decoding method of the intra prediction mode comprises the steps of: determining whether an intra prediction mode of a present prediction unit is the same as a first candidate intra prediction mode or as a second candidate intra prediction mode on the basis of 1-bit information; and determining, among said first candidate intra prediction mode and said second candidate intra prediction mode, which candidate intra prediction mode is the same as the intra prediction mode of said present prediction unit on the basis of additional 1-bit information, if the intra prediction mode of the present prediction unit is the same as at least either the first candidate intra prediction mode or the second candidate intra prediction mode, and decoding the intra prediction mode of the present prediction unit.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus are provided. An image encoding method performed by an image encoding apparatus may comprise determining an intra-prediction mode of a current block, configuring a reference sample of intra prediction by using at least one of a neighbor pixel of the current block in a current picture and a pixel of a reference picture, and performing intra prediction for the current block based on the intra-prediction mode and the reference sample.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus for performing intra prediction are provided. An image decoding method of the present invention comprises deriving an intra-prediction mode for a current block, determining whether or not a left boundary or an upper boundary of the current block is a boundary of a predetermined image region, configuring a reference sample by using at least one reconstructed sample included in at least one reconstructed sample line adjacent to the current block based on the determination result, and performing intra-prediction for the current block based on the intra-prediction mode and the reference sample.

Abstract: Disclosed is a data transmission system that transmits data by using a relay. The relay selects a transmission terminal from among a plurality of terminals accessing a base station. A base station transmits base station data to the relay during a first time slot, and the transmission terminal transmits terminal data to the relay. The relay transmits terminal data to the base station during a second time slot, and transmits base station data to the transmission terminal.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method is provided. An image decoding method of the present invention may comprise deriving an intra-prediction mode of a current luma block, deriving an intra-prediction mode of a current chroma block based on the intra-prediction mode of the current luma block, generating a prediction block of the current chroma block based on the intra-prediction mode of the current chroma block, and the deriving of an intra-prediction mode of a current chroma block may comprise determining whether or not CCLM (Cross-Component Linear Mode) can be performed for the current chroma block.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a video encoding and decoding method. A video decoding method for the same may include: obtaining granularity information; determining a sharing region based on the granularity information; and generating a prediction block of a current block by using motion information of the sharing region when the current block corresponds to the sharing region.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus for performing intra prediction are provided. An image decoding method of the present invention comprises deriving an intra prediction mode for a current block, selecting at least one reconstructed sample line neighboring to the current block, constructing a reference sample using at least one reconstructed sample included in the at least one reconstructed sample line, and performing intra prediction for the current block based on the intra prediction mode and the reference sample.