Abstract: A semiconductor device including a first interlayer insulating film; a conductive pattern in the first interlayer insulating film; a resistance pattern on the conductive pattern; an upper etching stopper film spaced apart from the resistance pattern, extending in parallel with a top surface of the resistance pattern, and including a first metal; a lower etching stopper film on the conductive pattern, extending in parallel with a top surface of the first interlayer insulating film, and including a second metal; and a second interlayer insulating film on the upper etching stopper film and the lower etching stopper film, wherein a distance from a top surface of the second interlayer insulating film to a top surface of the upper etching stopper film is smaller than a distance from the top surface of the second interlayer insulating film to a top surface of the lower etching stopper film.

Abstract: A power module for a vehicle, includes: a first substrate including a first metal circuit disposed on a 1-1st surface, and a first spacer extending from the first metal circuit in a first direction; a second substrate spaced from and facing the first substrate in a second direction, and including a second metal circuit disposed on a 2-1st surface facing the 1-1st surface, and a second spacer extending from the second metal circuit in the second direction; and a semiconductor chip disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first spacer and the second spacer extending toward each other.

Abstract: A power module for a vehicle, includes: a first substrate including a first metal circuit disposed on a 1-1st surface, and a first spacer extending from the first metal circuit in a first direction; a second substrate spaced from and facing the first substrate in a second direction, and including a second metal circuit disposed on a 2-1st surface facing the 1-1st surface, and a second spacer extending from the second metal circuit in the second direction; and a semiconductor chip disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and including a power pad and a signal pad, the first spacer and the second spacer extending toward each other, and the second spacer including a 2-1st spacer connected to the power pad and a 2-2nd spacer connected to the signal pad.

Abstract: A method of operating a smart lighting system comprising a first mobile device, a lighting control device and first through nth (n being a positive integer) lighting devices, includes establishing, by the first mobile device, a first wireless connection with the lighting control device; performing, by the lighting control device, a first time synchronization with the first mobile device; providing, by the first mobile device, the lighting control device with a scheduling information representing operation of each of the first through nth lighting devices according to lapse of time; and controlling, by the lighting control device, operation of each of the first through nth lighting devices based on a current time and the scheduling information, wherein the current time is determined based on the time synchronization.

Abstract: A method of operating a smart lighting system comprising a first mobile device, a lighting control device and first through nth (n being a positive integer) lighting devices, includes establishing, by the first mobile device, a first wireless connection with the lighting control device; performing, by the lighting control device, a first time synchronization with the first mobile device; providing, by the first mobile device, the lighting control device with a scheduling information representing operation of each of the first through nth lighting devices according to lapse of time; and controlling, by the lighting control device, operation of each of the first through nth lighting devices based on a current time and the scheduling information, wherein the current time is determined based on the time synchronization.