Abstract: Disclosed is an ionomer for a high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, which includes a phosphorus (P)-containing functional group having proton conductivity and partially contains fluorine in the main chain thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of generating a digital interior map. The method includes applying a coordinate system for a drawing of an interior of a structure using an electronic device, extracting center coordinate information of each sectional space of the interior of the structure and entrance coordinate information of entrances between floors and from an outside, generating, in the drawing, a circulation path in the interior of the structure, extracting interest points at preset intervals along the circulation path in the interior of the structure, and setting coordinate information and attribute information of each of the interest points.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus for transmitting positioning signals, a method for indoor positioning based on the positioning signals, and an apparatus for performing the same. The method comprises receiving a plurality of acoustic or ultrasonic waves; measuring strengths of the received plurality of acoustic or ultrasonic waves; identifying frequencies of the received plurality of acoustic waves or ultrasonic waves; and performing positioning based on the measured strengths and the identified frequencies of the received plurality of acoustic waves or ultrasonic waves. Accordingly, positioning can be easily performed without additional separate hardware configurations, and positioning accuracy suitable for indoor positioning services can be achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a check-in apparatus and method. The apparatus includes a sound wave signal reception unit and an information processing unit. The sound wave signal reception unit receives a sound wave signal from a customer's mobile communication device, and restores an ID from the received sound wave signal. The information processing unit extracts customer information and check-in date and time information from the ID restored by the sound wave signal reception unit, generates check-in information by combining the extracted information with shop information and apparatus information stored in the check-in apparatus, and transmits the generated check-in information to a check-in server.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for efficiently and dynamically allocating a bandwidth on a Time Division Multiple Access-based Passive Optical Network (TDMA PON).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of generating a digital interior map. The method includes applying a coordinate system for a drawing of an interior of a structure using an electronic device, extracting center coordinate information of each sectional space of the interior of the structure and entrance coordinate information of entrances between floors and from an outside, generating, in the drawing, a circulation path in the interior of the structure, extracting interest points at preset intervals along the circulation path in the interior of the structure, and setting coordinate information and attribute information of each of the interest points.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for efficiently and dynamically allocating a bandwidth on a Time Division Multiple Access-based Passive Optical Network (TDMA PON).

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of integrating switching and transferring of synchronous optical network/synchronous digital hierarchy (SONET/SDH), plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), and Ethernet signals, which integrate and provide connection of synchronous digital (SONET/SDH) signals, plesiochronous digital (PDH) signals, and Ethernet signals, mutually change the synchronous digital (SONET/SDH) signals, the plesiochronous digital (PDH) signals, and the Ethernet signals, packet switching, synchronous timeslot switching, and channel configuration management and control functions in one system. Thus, packet switching capacity, timeslot switching capacity, and packet/timeslot bridging capacity can be enlarged and configured according to corresponding application. Also, a distinctive service compared to a service provided by a separate Ethernet device or a SONET/SDH network device can be provided through a packet/timeslot bridge.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for detecting the fault of an optical switch. The apparatus includes an optical monitoring signal generator, a coupler, a splitter, a plurality of optical detecting and output power transition sensing units, and a fault determiner. The optical monitoring signal generator generates optical monitoring signals having different wavelengths from optical signals including data to be transmitted. The coupler optically couples the optical monitoring signals to the optical signals including data to be transmitted and inputs the coupled optical signals to an optical switch. The splitter splits the optical monitoring signals from optical signals output from the optical switch. The plurality of optical detecting and output power transition sensing units detect output power transitions of the split optical monitoring signals.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for detecting the fault of an optical switch. The apparatus includes an optical monitoring signal generator, a coupler, a splitter, a plurality of optical detecting and output power transition sensing units, and a fault determiner. The optical monitoring signal generator generates optical monitoring signals having different wavelengths from optical signals including data to be transmitted. The coupler optically couples the optical monitoring signals to the optical signals including data to be transmitted and inputs the coupled optical signals to an optical switch. The splitter splits the optical monitoring signals from optical signals output from the optical switch. The plurality of optical detecting and output power transition sensing units detect output power transitions of the split optical monitoring signals.

Abstract: An output buffer includes inverting units which output a level of signal according to a power voltage and temperature. Since the gates of the transistors in the inverting units have threshold voltages which are controlled to operate according to the power voltage and temperature, the gap between the worst and best case conditions of transitional current and speed is reduced, and the performance of a storage device is optimized.

Abstract: An improved sense amplifier output control circuit of a semiconductor memory device increases the operational speed and reduces possible noise. A sense amplifier senses a data read from a memory cell in accordance with a sense enable signal applied thereto. A Schmitt trigger circuit outputs the same level signal when the level difference between a data signal outputted from the sense amplifier and a data bar signal inverted from the data signal is below a predetermined value, and outputs a different level signal when the level difference is increased more than a predetermined value. A data latch circuit inverts and outputs an output signal outputted from the Schmitt trigger circuit in accordance with a latch enable signal inputted thereto. A data output buffer outputs the same level signal as a data signal outputted from the sense amplifier when a signal outputted from the data latch circuit has a different level in accordance with an output enable signal inputted thereto.