Abstract: A fuel cell separator, a fuel cell stack having the fuel cell separator, and a reactant gas control method of the fuel cell stack are provided. That is, even when the fuel cell stack operates under the low load operation condition, a reactant gas is supplied to the reactant gas passages of the fuel cell separator, and thus, the length of the passage can be shortened by 50% as compared with the prior art having only one reactant gas passage. Therefore, the reactant gas can be effectively supplied without experiencing pressure loss. Further, in the high load operation of the fuel cell stack, the reactant gas is introduced into the first reactant gas passage of the fuel cell separator and utilized in half of the whole electrode area. Subsequently, the reactant gas is introduced into the second reactant gas passage and utilized in the remaining half of the electrode area.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer includes a substrate, a wire grid layer which is disposed on the substrate and includes a plurality of wire patterns arranged with a predetermined interval, where gaps are defined between the wire patterns, and a passivation layer which is disposed on the wire grid layer and includes first passivation particles which cover a top portion of the gaps.

Abstract: Provided is an assay method using an encoded particle-based platform. In the assay method, first, a plurality of encoded particles having codes distinguishable from one another according to kinds of included target materials are prepared. The plurality of encoded particles are provided onto a plate including a plurality of wells by pipetting, and disposed in the plurality of wells by a self-assembly method. An analyte is provided into the plurality of wells. The codes of the plurality of encoded particles disposed in the plurality of wells are decoded. The target materials of the plurality of encoded particles are released to cause a reaction between the target materials and the analyte.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer includes: a substrate; a wire grid layer disposed on the substrate and including a plurality of wire patterns arranged at regular intervals; and a passivation layer disposed on the substrate to cover the wire grid layer and including a material having a refractive index less than 1.4.

Abstract: Provided are display apparatuses and methods of operating the same. In a display apparatus, a display image may be continuously held for longer than about 10 msec after the power of the display panel is turned off. The display apparatus may indicate a liquid crystal display (LCD) apparatus including an oxide thin film transistor (TFT). Off leakage current of the oxide TFT may be less than about 10?14 A.

Abstract: Provided is an assay method using an encoded particle-based platform. In the assay method, first, a plurality of encoded particles having codes distinguishable from one another according to kinds of included target materials are prepared. The plurality of encoded particles are provided onto a plate including a plurality of wells by pipetting, and disposed in the plurality of wells by a self-assembly method. An analyte is provided into the plurality of wells. The codes of the plurality of encoded particles disposed in the plurality of wells are decoded. The target materials of the plurality of encoded particles are released to cause a reaction between the target materials and the analyte.

Abstract: A graphene electronic device includes a graphene channel layer on a substrate, a source electrode on an end portion of the graphene channel layer and a drain electrode on another end portion of the graphene channel layer, a gate oxide on the graphene channel layer and between the source electrode and the drain electrode, and a gate electrode on the gate oxide. The gate oxide has substantially the same shape as the graphene channel layer between the source electrode and the drain electrode.

Abstract: A memory card identification device, a host device using the memory card, and a memory card are provided. The memory card identification device includes: a card socket comprising a single card slot through which at least two kinds of memory cards can be inserted and a target port disposed to be in contact with any one kind of a target memory card based on an external characteristic difference between different kinds of memory cards; and a card type detector configured to determine a type of a memory card inserted in the card socket by using a contact state signal of the target port.

Abstract: Disclosed is a grouping system using a genotype-based SNS in that, when the peoples having a genotype want to form their community, it provides a means of access to the genotype of an individual's particular position within the limit of a technical security maintenance, so that the social networks is constituted online according to the genetic identity, whereby satisfying personal tastes of the members.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a hydraulic circuit system for forced regeneration of a diesel particulate filter, and more particularly, to a hydraulic circuit system for forced regeneration of a diesel particulate filter (DPF), which prevents a working machine from being operated when the diesel particulate filter is forcedly regenerated by combusting particulate matters (PM) in a case in which the diesel particulate filter is installed in a construction machine with a diesel engine and particulate matters contained in exhaust gas are collected in the diesel particulate filter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a topical composition for use on skin containing theanine derivatives as active components and, more particularly, to a topical composition for use on skin having anti-aging, skin wrinkle repair, skin barrier enhancement, skin immunity enhancement, skin moisturizing, and atopy alleviation effects by containing theanine derivatives as active components.

Abstract: The graphene electronic device may include a gate oxide on a conductive substrate, the conductive substrate configured to function as a gate electrode, a pair of first metals on the gate oxide, the pair of the first metals separate from each other, a graphene channel layer extending between the first metals and on the first metals, and a source electrode and a drain electrode on both edges of the graphene channel layer.

Abstract: A user device includes an embedded memory to store application programs and user data, an application block to execute the application programs and to comprise a data swap module to manage a data swap function, and a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) configured to temporarily store driving data of an application program executed by the application block. The data swap module may determine whether an external memory is connected and select the external memory as a data swap memory where the driving data stored in the DRAM is to be swapped according to a result of the determination.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a magnetic memory includes a cell transistor including a first source/drain diffusion layer and a second source/drain diffusion layer, a first contact on the first source/drain diffusion layer, a memory element on the first contact, and a second contact on the second source/drain diffusion layer, the second contact including a first plug on the second source/drain diffusion layer, and a second plug on the first plug.

Abstract: A graphene electronic device includes a gate electrode, a gate oxide disposed on the gate electrode, a graphene channel layer formed on the gate oxide, and a source electrode and a drain electrode respectively disposed on both ends of the graphene channel layer. In the graphene channel layer, a plurality of nanoholes are arranged in a single line in a width direction of the graphene channel layer.

Abstract: Provided are an image processing apparatus and method for processing images. The image processing apparatus is connected to at least one camera and includes: a performance calculating unit configured to calculate a decoding performance of the at least one camera based on information about at least one of a codec, a resolution and a frame rate of image frames which are received from the at least one camera, and a filtering unit configured to filter the received image frames to select image frames for decoding, based on a result of the calculation of the decoding performance of the at least one camera.

Abstract: Provided is an image processing apparatus and method that may employ a new program or protocol without having to additionally develop a new program or a protocol for image processing. The image processing apparatus may include: an open platform-compatible unit configured to determine a protocol that is used by a video analysis application installed in or connected to the image processing apparatus, and receive at least one of channel information about an original image, channel information about an encoded image, channel information about a decoded image, resolution information about the decoded image and frame rate information that is required to receive the decoded image, in accordance with the determined protocol; and a protocol conversion unit configured to process an input image to comply with the determined protocol, based on the at least one information that is received at the open platform-compatible unit.

Abstract: A resin dispenser for nano-imprinting includes a housing including a lower chamber in which a resin is filled, a slit defined in a lower part of the lower chamber and through which the resin is discharged, and an upper chamber in which a pressure-applying fluid is filled, and a membrane separating the lower and upper chambers from each other, and of which an edge is fixed on a middle part of the housing, where the fluid is configured to apply the pressure to the membrane and protrude the membrane toward the slit of the lower chamber.

Abstract: Graphene, a method of fabricating the same, and a transistor having the graphene are provided, the graphene includes a structure of carbon (C) atoms partially substituted with boron (B) atoms and nitrogen (N) atoms. The graphene has a band gap. The graphene substituted with boron and nitrogen may be used as a channel of a field effect transistor. The graphene may be formed by performing chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using borazine or ammonia borane as a boron nitride (B-N) precursor.