Abstract: A method of operating a controller that controls a non-volatile memory device having a first memory block and a second memory block. The controller may detect invalid data of the first memory block, determine whether the detected invalid data is less than a reference value, and execute a secure erase operation of changing a voltage distribution of the detected invalid data based on a result of the determination. According to this method, it may be possible to enhance security of data stored in the non-volatile memory device, to prevent a physical erase operation from being excessively performed, and to increase the life span of the non-volatile memory device.

Abstract: In the positive electrode active material according to the inventive concept, A positive active material for lithium secondary battery comprises a particle comprising M1, M2, and Li, wherein the particle comprises a center, a surface, and an intermediate portion between the center and the surface, wherein M1 and M2 are selected from transition metal and are different each other, and wherein concentrations of M1 and M2 have continuous concentration gradients from the center to the intermediate portion.

Abstract: A method of operating a controller that controls a non-volatile memory device having a first memory block and a second memory block. The controller may detect invalid data of the first memory block, determine whether the detected invalid data is less than a reference value, and execute a secure erase operation of changing a voltage distribution of the detected invalid data based on a result of the determination. According to this method, it may be possible to enhance security of data stored in the non-volatile memory device, to prevent a physical erase operation from being excessively performed, and to increase the life span of the non-volatile memory device.

Abstract: A method of operating a controller that controls a non-volatile memory device having a first memory block and a second memory block. The controller may detect invalid data of the first memory block, determine whether the detected invalid data is less than a reference value, and execute a secure erase operation of changing a voltage distribution of the detected invalid data based on a result of the determination. According to this method, it may be possible to enhance security of data stored in the non-volatile memory device, to prevent a physical erase operation from being excessively performed, and to increase the life span of the non-volatile memory device.

Abstract: The inventive concepts relate to a positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery, and more particularly, relate to a positive electrode active material which includes a first concentration gradient portion, a second concentration gradient portion, and a first concentration maintained portion. The first and second concentration gradient portions have gradients of concentrations of nickel, manganese, and cobalt in the direction from the center to the surface, and the first concentration maintained portion has constant concentrations of nickel, manganese, and cobalt between the first concentration gradient portion and the second concentration gradient portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium composite oxide and a lithium composite oxide prepared thereby and, more specifically, to: a method for preparing a lithium composite oxide, capable of preparing a lithium-ion secondary battery with high capacity by adjusting the amount of a basic solution added according to the nickel content during the preparation of a lithium composite oxide through a co-precipitation reaction, thereby adjusting the pH of the reactor, and thus improving the particle density and increasing the tap density, and a lithium composite oxide prepared thereby.

Abstract: A method of operating a controller that controls a non-volatile memory device having a first memory block and a second memory block. The controller may detect invalid data of the first memory block, determine whether the detected invalid data is less than a reference value, and execute a secure erase operation of changing a voltage distribution of the detected invalid data based on a result of the determination. According to this method, it may be possible to enhance security of data stored in the non-volatile memory device, to prevent a physical erase operation from being excessively performed, and to increase the life span of the non-volatile memory device.

Abstract: In the positive electrode active material according to the inventive concept, A positive active material for lithium secondary battery comprises a particle comprising M1, M2, and Li, wherein the particle comprises a center, a surface, and an intermediate portion between the center and the surface, wherein M1 and M2 are selected from transition metal and are different each other, and wherein concentrations of M1 and M2 have continuous concentration gradients from the center to the intermediate portion.

Abstract: Embodiments of the inventive concepts described herein relate to a positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery, and more particularly, relate to a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery having a new structure which includes a core portion having gradients of concentrations of nickel, manganese, and cobalt in a direction from a center to a surface and in which each of the concentration gradients of nickel, manganese, and cobalt has at least one vertex in the core portion.

Abstract: A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery is provided which comprises a first region and a second region. The first region is represented by Chemical Formula1 wherein M1, M2 and M3 are constant: Lia1M1x1M2y1M3z1O2+?. The second region is formed around the first regions and is represented by Chemical Formula 2 Lia2M1x2M2y2M3z2M4wO2+?. The concentrations of M1, M2 and M3 are changed from Chemical Formula 1. In both Chemical Formula 1 and 2, M1, M2 and M3 is selected from a group including Ni, Co, Mn and combinations thereof, M4 is selected from a group including Fe, Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sr, Ag, Ba, Zr, Nb, Mo, Al, Ga, B and combinations thereof, 0<a1?1.1, 0<a2?1.1, 0?x1?1, 0?x2?1, 0?y1?1, 0?y2?1, 0?z1?1, 0?z2?1, 0<w?0.1, 0.0???0.02, 0<x1+y1+z1?1, 0<x2+y2+z2?1.

Abstract: In the positive electrode active material according to the inventive concept, A positive active material for lithium secondary battery comprises a particle comprising M1, M2, and Li, wherein the particle comprises a center, a surface, and an intermediate portion between the center and the surface, wherein M1 and M2 are selected from transition metal and are different each other, and wherein concentrations of M1 and M2 have continuous concentration gradients from the center to the intermediate portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lithium composite oxide and a manufacturing method therefor and, more specifically, to: a lithium composite oxide in which the concentration of manganese forming the lithium composite oxide exhibits a concentration gradient in the entirety of the particles from the center to the surface, and comprising secondary particles formed from the condensing of stick-shaped primary particles; and a manufacturing method thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium composite oxide and a lithium composite oxide prepared thereby and, more specifically, to: a method for preparing a lithium composite oxide, capable of preparing a lithium-ion secondary battery with high capacity by adjusting the amount of a basic solution added according to the nickel content during the preparation of a lithium composite oxide through a co-precipitation reaction, thereby adjusting the pH of the reactor, and thus improving the particle density and increasing the tap density, and a lithium composite oxide prepared thereby.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a cathode active material for lithium battery and a method of manufacturing the same, and more specifically relates to a cathode active material for manufacturing lithium battery which is doped by different metal and has gradient concentration and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing cathode active material for lithium secondary batteries and a lithium secondary battery manufactured using the same. Methods of manufacturing cathode active material for lithium secondary batteries according to embodiments of the inventive concept can fabricate cathode active material with improved stability and capacity by adjusting temperature of thermal treatment in accordance with concentration of transition metal which shows concentration gradient.

Abstract: In the positive electrode active material according to the inventive concept, the amount of residual lithium is decreased although the concentration of nickel is high, and thus the positive electrode active material exhibits excellent cycle-life characteristics and charge and discharge characteristics, has a stabilized crystal structure while having a high capacity, and is structurally stabilized even when being used at a high voltage. In the positive electrode active material, a shell portion in which the concentration of nickel is controlled and the concentrations of other metals are constant is formed on the surface of a core portion having gradients of concentrations of nickel, manganese, and cobalt. Thus, the positive electrode active material exhibits excellent cycle-life characteristics and charge and discharge characteristics, has a stabilized crystal structure while having a high capacity, and is structurally stabilized even when being used at a high voltage.

Abstract: Embodiments of the inventive concepts described herein relate to a positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery, and more particularly, relate to a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery having a new structure which includes a core portion having gradients of concentrations of nickel, manganese, and cobalt in a direction from a center to a surface and in which each of the concentration gradients of nickel, manganese, and cobalt has at least one vertex in the core portion.

Abstract: The inventive concepts relate to a positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery, and more particularly, relate to a positive electrode active material which includes a first concentration gradient portion, a second concentration gradient portion, and a first concentration maintained portion. The first and second concentration gradient portions have gradients of concentrations of nickel, manganese, and cobalt in the direction from the center to the surface, and the first concentration maintained portion has constant concentrations of nickel, manganese, and cobalt between the first concentration gradient portion and the second concentration gradient portion.

Abstract: A method for supporting coexistence in a mobile station configured for supporting a coexistence mode of a primary wireless communication system and a secondary wireless communication system. The method comprises transmitting to a base station, via the mobile station, a registration request (REG-REQ) message comprising coexistence capability information, receiving a registration response (REG-RSP) message comprising information about support of the coexistence mode in response to the REG-REQ message, and transmitting to the base station, via the mobile station, a sleep mode request (MOB_SLP-REQ) message comprising first coexistence information for requesting a band adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) for adjacent subcarrier permutation.

Abstract: A method for supporting coexistence in a mobile station is provided. The method for supporting coexistence in the mobile station includes, at the mobile station, turning on Bluetooth at a start point of a WiMAX downlink subframe, stopping the operation of the Bluetooth if WiMAX channel quality of the mobile station becomes less than a threshold value during the operation of the Bluetooth, and, at the mobile station, turning off the operation of the Bluetooth at the start point of a WiMAX uplink subframe. Accordingly, it is possible to solve fragmentation by minimizing the interruption of the WiMAX transmission/reception and to improve WiMAX downlink throughput by restricting Bluetooth data transmission/reception according to the WiMAX channel quality.