Abstract: Disclosed is a method for forming copper interconnections of a semiconductor component using an electroless plating system, which enables copper to be grown only in corresponding interconnection regions. In such a method, a wafer is cleaned, the wafer is pretreated with a metal seed solution so as to cause spontaneous catalytic activation and simultaneously the process temperature is varied to grow metal seed particles from the metal seed pretreating solution, the wafer is cleaned to remove the metal seed from the wafer surface, and the wafer is finally plated with an electroless plating bath to grow copper in the metal seed formed regions. This method simplifies the processes and reduces process costs by substituting a wet process for the existing vacuum pretreating process. Also, a wafer planarization process can be omitted by selectively growing copper only in desired interconnections.

Abstract: This invention relates to an external patch for an antiinflammatory drug containing nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug which is excellent in the dermal absorption and the skin adhesion, has hardly the skin stimulus. The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug composition comprised of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, alkylpyrrolidone, hydrophilic polyethyleneglycol and hydrophilic nonionic surfactant was diffused in the water containing base comprised of water soluble polymer material, water soluble vinyl polymer and water insoluble multivalent metallic salt to provide the external patch containing nonsteroidal drug dissolved and diffused in the water containing base in the microemulsion state, which is excellent in the dermal absorption and also good in the skin adhesion, has hardly the skin irritations.

Abstract: A stereoscopic display device for compositing and reproducing a plurality of images on a three-dimensional space. The stereoscopic display device includes one or more image sources, a beam splitter, and a holographic optical element, wherein the beam splitter and the holographic optical element are configured to project an image from each image source onto a different space.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a method is disclosed for preventing noise spikes due to abrupt changes of a transmission signal in a cordless telephone. The method is comprised of two sub-methods where a first sub-method for controlling the gain of a transmission signal when a call is initiated, and a second sub-method for controlling the gain of a transmission signal when a call is terminated.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus which is improved in color registration by reducing bow of a scan line which is formed on a photosensitive medium. A plate having a slit with a width appropriate for a spot size of a scan line and a length corresponding to a predetermined scanning length is interposed between the photosensitive medium and a spot forming apparatus. A light source emits a laser beam, a rotary polygonal mirror reflects light from the light source while being rotated, f-&thgr; lenses cause the light reflected from the rotary polygonal mirror to form a proper spot, and a reflecting mirror disposed on an optical path between the f-&thgr; lenses and the photosensitive medium directs the spot toward the photosensitive medium. The slit plate passes a portion of the spot to uniformly form the scan line.

Abstract: An optical scanning unit with a rotatable hologram disc, including a light source, a rotatable hologram disc provided with a plurality of holograms, the holograms being formed concentrically along a radial direction to diffract a beam emitted from the light source by multiple steps, a reflecting member that reflects the beam emitted from the light source and diffracted by one of the holograms into another hologram, and a fixed hologram correcting the diffracted beam incident through the rotatable hologram disc to focus it on a scanning object. In the optical scanning unit, the light passes through the plurality of holograms formed along a radial direction of the rotatable hologram disc so that a scan width can be extended without reducing a scan speed of the optical scanning unit.

Abstract: A beam scanning system including: a light source; a deflection disc rotatably installed over the light sources and having a hologram pattern on each of the upper and lower surfaces thereof, for diffracting beams emitted from the light source; and a plurality of mirrors for reflecting beams that have been diffracted by the deflection disc, to change the diffracted paths of the beams. Each of the upper and lower hologram patterns is formed with a low density relative to a one-sided hologram pattern.

Abstract: A covering plate assembly includes a bottom plate secured to an upper side of a cross reinforced plate that is in turn secured to the upper end of a pipe pile. A plurality of reinforcing rods are secured to the upper surface of the bottom plate and extend vertically from the bottom plate. The rods may be secured to the bottom plate by either welding or threaded engagement. The bottom plate may also be secured to the cross reinforced plate by either threaded engagement or welding.

Abstract: A diffractive deflection beam scanning system including: a plurality of light sources; a deflection disc rotatably mounted over the light sources, having patterns capable of diffracting and deflecting beams emitted from the light sources; a plurality of first reflecting mirrors for changing the traveling paths of beams diffracted and deflected by the deflection disc; a plurality of second reflecting mirrors for reflecting the beams reflected by the first reflecting mirrors in a beam scan direction, wherein the light sources are disposed in a straight line along a bisecting line of the deflection disc, perpendicular to the beam scan direction, and the second reflecting mirrors are arranged over the center of the deflection disc at different heights.

Abstract: A multi-laser scanning unit (LSU) in which scanning lines incident parallel onto a photoreceptor have the same scanning direction. The multi-laser scanning unit includes: a driving source for providing a rotatory force; a deflection disk installed around a rotary shaft of the driving source having a plurality of sectors each with a hologram pattern for diffracting and deflecting incident light, for scanning light through rotation; a plurality of light sources installed facing one surface of the deflection disk for irradiating a plurality of light lines onto predetermined points of the deflection disk; and a light path changing portion for changing traveling paths of the plurality of scanning lines formed by the rotation of the deflection disk, wherein the plurality of light sources are arranged such that two incident points which are the farthest from each other among the plurality of incident points formed on the deflection disk form 180° with the center point of the deflection disk.

Abstract: A laser scanning unit (LSU) in a structure capable of radiating heat generated by a light source. The LSU includes at least one light source, a driving source for providing rotational force, and a deflection disk installed on a rotary shaft of the driving source, for diffracting and deflecting light incident from the light sources. The deflection disk has at least one radiating portion which is depressed in and/or protrudes from the surface of the deflection disk facing the light source and induces air flow by contact with air, such that the heat generated by the light sources is radiated by the air flow induced due to the radiating portion.

Abstract: A multi-laser scanning unit (LSU) in which scanning lines incident parallel onto a photoreceptor have the same scanning direction.

Abstract: In a beam scanning apparatus of an electrophotographic color printer, at least two beam deflectors, each having a deflection disk consisting of at least two sectors and a driving source for rotating the deflection disk, deflect and scan an incident beam. The deflection disk has a pattern formed thereon for diffracting and scanning the incident beam. A plurality of light sources, arranged between the beam deflector and a photoreceptor, emit light to the deflection disk. A beam path changing unit changes a proceeding path of the beam deflected by the respective beam deflectors to proceed toward the photoreceptor. A beam correcting unit, arranged between the respective beam deflectors and the photoreceptor, corrects the input beam having its path changed by the beam path changing unit.

Abstract: A method and device for controlling a display to suppress noise generated from displaying elements of the display in a radio communication system. In one aspect, a display control device for suppressing noise in a radio communication system comprises: a display having N displaying elements, the N displaying elements being paired, each of the pairs having a first displaying element and a second displaying element; and a controller, operatively connected to the display, for outputting a first control voltage having a first phase to control each of the first displaying elements of the pairs, and for outputting a second control voltage having a second phase to control each of the second displaying elements of the pairs, the first phase and the second phase having a phase relationship which provides for a reduction of resultant noise generated by the N displaying elements.

Abstract: A laser scanning unit in which a digital micro mirror device is used as a laser beam deflecting device and which is used in a laser printer, a facsimile unit, and the like. The laser scanning unit according to the present invention includes a laser diode for emitting laser beams, a photo-sensitive drum for receiving the laser beams emitted by the laser diode, and a deflecting device which is disposed between the laser diode and the photo-sensitive drum, for deflecting the laser beams toward the photo-sensitive drum. The deflecting device comprises a reflecting member for reflecting the laser beams emitted from the laser diode toward the photo-sensitive drum at a predetermined angle, a rotating member for rotating the reflecting member at a range of predetermined angles, and a supporting member for supporting the reflecting member so that the reflecting member can be rotated.

Abstract: A beam scanning apparatus includes an optical source, a beam deflector having a deflection disk which is comprised of a plurality of sectors patterned to diffract a beam emitted from the optical source and has a reflective layer for reflecting an incident beam formed on the bottom surface of the beam deflector, and a driving source for rotating the deflection disk. A beam corrector is provided for correcting the beam deflected by the beam deflector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of benzene derivatives represented by formula (I), which are useful as intermediates for agricultural chemicals, fine chemical products or pharmaceuticals such as anti inflammatory analgesics. The process includes reacting a compound of chemical formula (II) with a hydroformylating agent and a halogenating agent.

Abstract: A technique for protecting an electronic system having a programmable input/output interface from erroneous operation due to static electricity includes the steps of: (a) setting an internal timer for continuously resetting a program state of the input/output interface at a predetermined time interval; (b) storing a present program state of the input/output interface after setting the timer; (c) resetting the stored program state of the input/output interface when a value of a driven timer corresponds to a value of the set timer after storing the present program state of the input/output interface; (d) repeatedly resetting the program state of the input/output interface by driving again the timer after resetting the program state of the input/output interface.

Abstract: An electrophotographic printer including: a photosensitive belt moving along a circular path and supported by a plurality of rollers; a main corona device for increasing an electrical charge potential on a surface of the photosensitive belt to a predetermined level for development; first, second, third and fourth laser scanning units for forming an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive belt by color; first, second, third and fourth developing units for individually developing the electrostatic latent image using first, second, third and fourth developing solutions of different colors; a drying roller pressing the photosensitive belt for removing carrier from the developing solutions developed on the photosensitive belt, the drying roller being frictionally charged positively through contact with the photosensitive belt; an eraser for removing an electrostatic charge remaining on the photosensitive belt after development to uniformly electrify the surface of the photosensitive belt with exposing cha