Abstract: Disclosed are novel compounds of Chemical Formula 1, optical isomers of the compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds or the optical isomers. The compounds, isomers, and salts exhibit excellent activity as GLP-1 receptor agonists. In particular, they, as GLP-1 receptor agonists, exhibit excellent glucose tolerance, thus having a great potential to be used as therapeutic agents for metabolic diseases. Moreover, they exhibit excellent pharmacological safety for cardiovascular systems.

Abstract: A positioning system according to an embodiment of the above description includes a transmitter including a first transmitting unit and a second transmitting unit for transmitting a first signal and a second signal having different velocities, respectively; and a receiver including: a first receiving unit and a second receiving unit for measuring each time of reception of the first signal and the second signal; and a position determining unit for measuring a location of the transmitter using a difference in reception time of the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: A motion artifact detecting method using wavelet transform which is capable of removing the problem caused by a radio noise and a motion artifact generated during the measurement of a PPG signal which is one of bio-signals, the method including: measuring a PPG signal; generating a signal obtained by removing a radio noise from the measured PPG signal; setting a reference signal from the signal from which the radio noise is removed; selecting a base signal based on the set reference signal; performing wavelet transform using the base signal; and detecting and removing a motion artifact using the wavelet-transformed value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring a use of radio resources in a wireless communication system are provided. The method includes allocating radio resources to a plurality of transport blocks, and, if at least one transport block among the plurality of transport blocks overlaps at least one other transport block in terms of the radio resources, a use of the radio resources is measured by calculating a sum of a value determined by dividing the number of radio resources allocated to each of the plurality of transport blocks by the number of radio resources which are used by the at least one other transport block in a duplicate manner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling Discontinuous Reception (DRX) by a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided. The UE receives a DRX configuration parameter from an evolved Node B (eNB), and determines whether to start an on-duration timer based on the DRX configuration parameter, after a change in DRX cycle is completed in a subframe, thereby preventing system performance degradation caused by transmission mismatch between the eNB and the UE.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling Discontinuous Reception (DRX) by a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided. The UE receives a DRX configuration parameter from an evolved Node B (eNB), and determines whether to start an on-duration timer based on the DRX configuration parameter, after a change in DRX cycle is completed in a subframe, thereby preventing system performance degradation caused by transmission mismatch between the eNB and the UE.

Abstract: An optical sheet assembly. A first base film has a first pattern layer disposed thereon. A second base film is disposed on one surface of the first base film and has a second pattern layer disposed on a top surface thereof. The second pattern layer abuts and supports a bottom surface of the first base film. A third base film is disposed on one surface of the second base film and has light-scattering beads being contained therein and recesses formed in one surface thereof bonded to the second base film. The second pattern layer is oriented in the same direction as the first pattern layer. The diameters of the recesses are greater than diameters of entrances thereof. Each of the first pattern layer and the second pattern layer includes a plurality of protrusions and a plurality of recesses defined between the protrusions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a time synchronization method for energy-efficient wireless network and a network adopting the same that operates time synchronization between sensor nodes using an alternating feature in a low power wireless network with a sleep mode. Accordingly, power consumption is minimized and energy efficiency is improved and accuracy of the time synchronization can be improved regardless of installment positions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring a use of radio resources in a wireless communication system are provided. The method includes allocating radio resources to a plurality of transport blocks, and, if at least one transport block among the plurality of transport blocks overlaps at least one other transport block in terms of the radio resources, a use of the radio resources is measured by calculating a sum of a value determined by dividing the number of radio resources allocated to each of the plurality of transport blocks by the number of radio resources which are used by the at least one other transport block in a duplicate manner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling Discontinuous Reception (DRX) by a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided. The UE receives a DRX configuration parameter from an evolved Node B (eNB), and determines whether to start an on-duration timer based on the DRX configuration parameter, after a change in DRX cycle is completed in a subframe, thereby preventing system performance degradation caused by transmission mismatch between the eNB and the UE.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling Discontinuous Reception (DRX) by a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided. The UE receives a DRX configuration parameter from an evolved Node B (eNB), and determines whether to start an on-duration timer based on the DRX configuration parameter, after a change in DRX cycle is completed in a subframe, thereby preventing system performance degradation caused by transmission mismatch between the eNB and the UE.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for uplink scheduling in a communication system are provided. The method includes determining whether a User Equipment (UE) is included in an uplink scheduling list, a buffer length of the UE is estimated, if the UE is included in the uplink scheduling list, it is determined whether a Buffer State Report (BSR) indicating the buffer length of the UE has been received from the UE, if the estimated buffer length is 0, and the UE is transitioned to a non-zero BSR reception state and maintained in the uplink scheduling list, if the BSR has not been received from the UE. The non-zero BSR reception state is a state in which a zero BSR indicating the buffer length of the UE is 0 has not been received.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling Discontinuous Reception (DRX) by a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided. The UE receives a DRX configuration parameter from an evolved Node B (eNB), and determines whether to start an on-duration timer based on the DRX configuration parameter, after a change in DRX cycle is completed in a subframe, thereby preventing system performance degradation caused by transmission mismatch between the eNB and the UE.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring a use of radio resources in a wireless communication system are provided. The method includes allocating radio resources to a plurality of transport blocks, and, if at least one transport block among the plurality of transport blocks overlaps at least one other transport block in terms of the radio resources, a use of the radio resources is measured by calculating a sum of a value determined by dividing the number of radio resources allocated to each of the plurality of transport blocks by the number of radio resources which are used by the at least one other transport block in a duplicate manner.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for automatically searching for a low-power Base Station (BS) supporting access of a registered user in a mobile communication system includes a method of performing automatic search on a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) cell by a User Equipment (UE). The method includes determining by the UE whether automatic search needs to be performed on the CSG cell. The method also includes, if it is determined that automatic search does not need to be performed on the CSG cell, turning off by the UE a CSG cell automatic search function of the UE by emptying a first white list including CSG Identifiers of accessible CSG cells.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving System Information (SI) of a femto base station in a wireless communication system are provided. In the method, an SI transmission point is determined using unique identification information of a femto base station itself and unique identification information of a macro base station with which the femto base station is associated. Each of user equipment and the macro base station generate a measurement gap pattern representing an SI reception point using the unique identification information of the femto base station and the unique identification information of the macro base station. SI is received from the femto base station according to the generated measurement gap pattern.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling Discontinuous Reception (DRX) by a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided. The UE receives a DRX configuration parameter from an evolved Node B (eNB), and determines whether to start an on-duration timer based on the DRX configuration parameter, after a change in DRX cycle is completed in a subframe, thereby preventing system performance degradation caused by transmission mismatch between the eNB and the UE.

Abstract: A method and apparatus estimate a delay of buffer data of a User Equipment (UE) in a mobile communication system. A message comprising the size of buffer data is received from a UE. The size of the buffer data of the UE is distributed into a plurality of groups based on a time point of receiving the message comprising the size of the buffer data of the UE. A delay for each of the plurality of groups is estimated using a time interval of execution of delay estimation for the buffer data of the UE.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for uplink scheduling in a communication system are provided. The method includes determining whether a User Equipment (UE) is included in an uplink scheduling list, a buffer length of the UE is estimated, if the UE is included in the uplink scheduling list, it is determined whether a Buffer State Report (BSR) indicating the buffer length of the UE has been received from the UE, if the estimated buffer length is 0, and the UE is transitioned to a non-zero BSR reception state and maintained in the uplink scheduling list, if the BSR has not been received from the UE. The non-zero BSR reception state is a state in which a zero BSR indicating the buffer length of the UE is 0 has not been received.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling Discontinuous Reception (DRX) by a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided. The UE receives a DRX configuration parameter from an evolved Node B (eNB), and determines whether to start an on-duration timer based on the DRX configuration parameter, after a change in DRX cycle is completed in a subframe, thereby preventing system performance degradation caused by transmission mismatch between the eNB and the UE.