Abstract: A system and methods of forming a dielectric material within a trench are described herein. In an embodiment of the method, the method includes introducing a first precursor into a trench of a dielectric layer, such that portions of the first precursor react with the dielectric layer and attach on sidewalls of the trench. The method further includes partially etching portions of the first precursor on the sidewalls of the trench to expose upper portions of the sidewalls of the trench. The method further includes introducing a second precursor into the trench, such that portions of the second precursor react with the remaining portions of the first precursor to form the dielectric material at the bottom of the trench.

Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical waveguide connection assembly and an optical module including the optical waveguide connection assembly. The optical waveguide connection assembly includes a holder, an optical fiber, a connection member and an optical coefficient adjusting member. The holder has a first part and a second part. The first part is positioned a side of the optical element, the second part is positioned above the optical element. The optical fiber is fixed to the first par. The connection member is provided between the second part and the optical element. The optical coefficient adjusting member is provided between the optical fiber and the optical element, so that a beam is capable of being transferred between the optical fiber and the optical element via the optical coefficient adjusting member. The optical waveguide connection assembly is fixed to the optical element via the connection member and the optical coefficient adjusting member.

Abstract: An optical module includes a waveguide interposer and at least one light source unit. The waveguide interposer includes at least one input terminal, at least one waveguide channel, and at least one output terminal. The at least one input terminal is configured to receive laser light, and the at least one waveguide channel is coupled to the at least one input terminal and is configured to guide the laser light. Each light source unit is configured to output the laser light to a corresponding input terminal of the at least one input terminal.

Abstract: An optical module includes a waveguide interposer and at least one light source unit. The waveguide interposer includes at least one input terminal, at least one waveguide channel, and at least one output terminal. The at least one input terminal is configured to receive laser light, and the at least one waveguide channel is coupled to the at least one input terminal and is configured to guide the laser light. Each light source unit is configured to output the laser light to a corresponding input terminal of the at least one input terminal.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical waveguide connection assembly and an optical module including the optical waveguide connection assembly. The optical waveguide connection assembly includes a holder, an optical fiber, a connection member and an optical coefficient adjusting member. The holder has a first part and a second part. The first part is positioned a side of the optical element, the second part is positioned above the optical element. The optical fiber is fixed to the first par. The connection member is provided between the second part and the optical element. The optical coefficient adjusting member is provided between the optical fiber and the optical element, so that a beam is capable of being transferred between the optical fiber and the optical element via the optical coefficient adjusting member. The optical waveguide connection assembly is fixed to the optical element via the connection member and the optical coefficient adjusting member.

Abstract: An optical interconnect module for coupling a photonic integrated chip to an optical ferrule is provided. The optical interconnect module may include a coupler for interfacing to the photonic integrated chip, the coupler comprising at least one guide pin. The optical interconnect module may include an optical ferrule configured for being removably attached to the coupler, the optical ferrule comprising at least one through hole for receiving the at least one guide pin from the coupler.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, for an external cavity FP laser. In one aspect, an apparatus is provided that includes a FP laser diode; a Faraday rotator (FR) coupled to receive an optical output of the FP laser diode and that rotates a polarization of the optical output; an optical fiber coupled at a first end to receive the output of the FR; a WDM filter coupled to a second end of the optical fiber to receive the optical signal from the optical fiber; and a FRM coupled directly or indirectly to an output of the WDM filter, wherein an optical output of the WDM filter is partially reflected by the FRM such that the polarization of a reflected beam is rotated, and wherein the reflected optical signal then passes through the FR with its polarization being rotated by the FR before it is injected back into the FP laser diode.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, for optical communication. One apparatus includes a Fabry-Perot (FP) laser diode assembly coupled to a first port of a circulator; an optical amplifier coupled to a second port of the circulator; a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) filter coupled to a third port of the circulator; and a Faraday rotator mirror coupled to the WDM filter.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, for an external cavity FP laser. In one aspect, an apparatus is provided that includes a FP laser diode; a Faraday rotator (FR) coupled to receive an optical output of the FP laser diode and that rotates a polarization of the optical output; an optical fiber coupled at a first end to receive the output of the FR; a WDM filter coupled to a second end of the optical fiber to receive the optical signal from the optical fiber; and a FRM coupled directly or indirectly to an output of the WDM filter, wherein an optical output of the WDM filter is partially reflected by the FRM such that the polarization of a reflected beam is rotated, and wherein the reflected optical signal then passes through the FR with its polarization being rotated by the FR before it is injected back into the FP laser diode.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, for an external cavity FP laser. In one aspect, an apparatus is provided that includes a FP laser diode; a Faraday rotator (FR) coupled to receive an optical output of the FP laser diode and that rotates a polarization of the optical output; an optical fiber coupled at a first end to receive the output of the FR; a WDM filter coupled to a second end of the optical fiber to receive the optical signal from the optical fiber; and a FRM coupled directly or indirectly to an output of the WDM filter, wherein an optical output of the WDM filter is partially reflected by the FRM such that the polarization of a reflected beam is rotated, and wherein the reflected optical signal then passes through the FR with its polarization being rotated by the FR before it is injected back into the FP laser diode.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, for optical communication. One apparatus includes a Fabry-Perot (FP) laser diode assembly coupled to a first port of a circulator; an optical amplifier coupled to a second port of the circulator; a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) filter coupled to a third port of the circulator; and a Faraday rotator mirror coupled to the WDM filter.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, for optical communication. One optical assembly includes a Fabry-Perot (FP) laser diode; a first polarization controller (PC) coupled to the FP laser diode; a circulator having four ports, a first port coupled to the first PC; an optical fiber coupled at a first end to a second port of the circulator; a second PC coupled to a third port of the circulator; an optical amplifier coupled to the second PC and a fourth port of the circulator; a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) filter coupled to the second end of the optical fiber; a splitter having at least three ends coupled at a first end to the WDM; and a Faraday rotator mirror (FRM) coupled directly or indirectly to a second end of the splitter.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, for an external cavity FP laser. In one aspect, an apparatus is provided that includes a FP laser diode; a Faraday rotator (FR) coupled to receive an optical output of the FP laser diode and that rotates a polarization of the optical output; an optical fiber coupled at a first end to receive the output of the FR; a WDM filter coupled to a second end of the optical fiber to receive the optical signal from the optical fiber; and a FRM coupled directly or indirectly to an output of the WDM filter, wherein an optical output of the WDM filter is partially reflected by the FRM such that the polarization of a reflected beam is rotated, and wherein the reflected optical signal then passes through the FR with its polarization being rotated by the FR before it is injected back into the FP laser diode.

Abstract: A light transmitting/receiving module comprising a fiber assembly and a light source is provided. The fiber assembly includes a fiber, a ferrule, and a rigid tube. The fiber has an end segment, wherein the end segment has a slanted end surface. The ferrule covers the end segment and exposes the slanted end surface. An axis of the end segment in the ferrule has an included angle with an axis of the other part of the fiber. Additionally, the rigid tube covers the fiber and the ferrule, and an axis of the rigid tube is parallel to the axis of the other part of the fiber. The light source is disposed beside the slanted end surface and emits a light, wherein the light is emitted to the slanted end surface in a direction parallel to the axis of the rigid tube. The light transmitting/receiving module has an optimal light coupling efficiency.

Abstract: A light transmitting/receiving module comprising a fiber assembly and a light source is provided. The fiber assembly includes a fiber, a ferrule, and a rigid tube. The fiber has an end segment, wherein the end segment has a slanted end surface. The ferrule covers the end segment and exposes the slanted end surface. An axis of the end segment in the ferrule has an included angle with an axis of the other part of the fiber. Additionally, the rigid tube covers the fiber and the ferrule, and an axis of the rigid tube is parallel to the axis of the other part of the fiber. The light source is disposed beside the slanted end surface and emits a light, wherein the light is emitted to the slanted end surface in a direction parallel to the axis of the rigid tube. The light transmitting/receiving module has an optimal light coupling efficiency.