Abstract: A method is provided for channel encoding in a communication system using an LDPC code. The method includes encoding input bits using a BCH code, shortening bits of the encoded input bits according to a number of bit groups to be shortened and an order among a plurality of orders according to which the bit groups are shortened, wherein the number of bit groups to be shortened is based on a number of bits to be shortened, which is based on a number of the encoded input bits, encoding information bits including the encoded input bits and the shortened one or more bits, using an LDPC code to generate parity bits, puncturing bits in the parity bits based on a puncturing parameter among puncturing parameters, and transmitting a signal generated from the encoded information bits based on the punctured bits. The plurality of orders being based on the puncturing parameters and including first and second orders.

Abstract: A reflective active variable lens includes an upper electrode, a lower electrode disposed in parallel to the upper electrode, a deformation part disposed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, a reflective part disposed on the upper electrode, and a support part disposed to surround the deformation part. Here, the deformation part and the support part are connected to each other to provide a single structure, the deformation part is expanded from an initial shape when an electric field is formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and the expanded deformation part is contracted when the electric field is removed and restored to the initial shape.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for transmitting and receiving a signal in a communication system are provided. The method includes checking a type of the signal to be transmitted; determining a number of puncture bits according to the type of the signal; and puncturing an encoded signal to be transmitted according to the number of puncture bits.

Abstract: A transmitter includes: a frame generator configured to generate a frame including a frame starting symbol, at least one data symbol and a frame closing symbol; a pilot and reserved tone inserter configured to insert pilots and reserved tones in at least one of the frame starting symbol, the data symbol and the frame closing symbol such that positions of the reserved tones do not overlap positions of the pilots in the at least one of the frame starting symbol, the data symbol and the frame closing symbol; and a transmitter configured to transmit the frame in which the pilots and the reserved tones are inserted, wherein the reserved tones are not used to transmit data in the frame.

Abstract: An artificial muscle includes a first stress transmission part and a second stress transmission part, which are spaced apart from each other in a first direction, a contraction coil spring provided between the first and second stress transmission parts to pull the first and second stress transmission parts, and an expansion part provided between the first and second stress transmission parts to push the first and second stress transmission parts. The contraction coil spring has a shape of a spring progressing in the first direction, and the contraction coil spring is contracted by heat.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for receiving signaling information in a digital broadcasting system. The method includes receiving a frame including a first coded block, a second coded block, and at least one physical layer pipe (PLP) data; decoding the first coded block to identify first signaling information for a physical layer; and decoding the second coded block to identify second signaling information. The first signaling information has a fixed number of bits. The second signaling information has a variable number of bits. The first signaling information includes information indicating a forward error correction (FEC) type of the second signaling information for receiving the second signaling information. The second signaling information includes information indicating a modulation scheme used for related PLP data.

Abstract: An auto focusing lens includes an active lens including a lens body including electroactive polymer and a transparent electrode at least partially coated on a surface of the lens body, and a controller controlling the focus of the active lens by applying a voltage to the transparent electrode.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for transmitting and receiving signaling information in a digital broadcasting system. The method includes encoding first signaling information for a physical layer to generate a first coded block; encoding second signaling information to generate a second coded block; and transmitting a frame including the first coded block, the second coded block, and at least one physical layer pipe (PLP) data. The first signaling information has a fixed number of bits, and the second signaling information has a variable number of bits. The first signaling information includes information indicating a forward error correction (FEC) type of the second signaling information for receiving the second information, and the second signaling information includes information indicating a modulation scheme used for a related PLP data.

Abstract: Provided are a composition for a light transmittance control film, and a light transmittance control film. According to the inventive concept, the light transmittance control film includes a matrix part including a copolymer and a polymer chain which is grafted to the copolymer; and a dispersed part including a polymer derived from a first monomer, and are provided in the matrix part, wherein the polymer chain is derived from the first monomer, first light transmittance is shown while external force is applied, and second light transmittance which is greater than the first light transmittance may be shown after the external force is removed.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for transmitting and receiving a signal in a communication system are provided. The method includes checking a type of the signal to be transmitted; determining a number of puncture bits according to the type of the signal; and puncturing an encoded signal to be transmitted according to the number of puncture bits.

Abstract: A transmitter includes: a frame generator configured to generate a frame including a frame starting symbol, at least one data symbol and a frame closing symbol; a pilot and reserved tone inserter configured to insert pilots and reserved tones in at least one of the frame starting symbol, the data symbol and the frame closing symbol such that positions of the reserved tones do not overlap positions of the pilots in the at least one of the frame starting symbol, the data symbol and the frame closing symbol; and a transmitter configured to transmit the frame in which the pilots and the reserved tones are inserted, wherein the reserved tones are not used to transmit data in the frame.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an imaging apparatus and a method for operating the same, and more particularly, to a high-speed lens moving technique capable of effective multi-view angle and multi-focus images for a short period of time and an image photographing and sorting technique according the high-speed lens moving technique. Accordingly, the movement of lenses is performed using a new technique without applying the existing slow lens moving technique performed using a motor, etc., so that it is possible to acquire multi-view angle and multi-focus images using one imaging apparatus for a short period of time.

Abstract: A transmitter includes: a frame generator configured to generate a frame including a frame starting symbol, at least one data symbol and a frame closing symbol; a pilot and reserved tone inserter configured to insert pilots and reserved tones in at least one of the frame starting symbol, the data symbol and the frame closing symbol such that positions of the reserved tones do not overlap positions of the pilots in the at least one of the frame starting symbol, the data symbol and the frame closing symbol; and a transmitter configured to transmit the frame in which the pilots and the reserved tones are inserted, wherein the reserved tones are not used to transmit data in the frame.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for transmitting and receiving a signal in a communication system are provided. The method includes checking a type of the signal to be transmitted; determining a number of puncture bits according to the type of the signal; and puncturing an encoded signal to be transmitted according to the number of puncture bits.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for transmitting signaling information by a transmitting apparatus in a broadcasting system. A controller generates a codeword by encoding information bits of the signaling information. The codeword includes the information bits and parity bits. The controller punctures one or more of the parity bits to generate a punctured codeword. The controller generates a plurality of frames. The plurality of frames include a first frame including at least a part of the punctured codeword and a second frame including at least one additional parity bit for the signaling information. A transmitter transmits the plurality of frames. The at least a part of the punctured codeword is included in a preamble part of the first frame and the at least one additional parity bit is included in a preamble part of the second frame.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for transmitting and receiving signaling information in a digital broadcasting system. The method includes encoding first signaling information for a physical layer to generate a first coded block; encoding second signaling information to generate a second coded block; and transmitting a frame including the first coded block, the second coded block, and at least one physical layer pipe (PLP) data. The first signaling information has a fixed number of bits, and the second signaling information has a variable number of bits. The first signaling information includes information indicating a forward error correction (FEC) type of the second signaling information for receiving the second information, and the second signaling information includes information indicating a modulation scheme used for a related PLP data.

Abstract: A method is provided for channel encoding in a communication system using an LDPC code. The method includes encoding input bits using a BCH code, shortening bits of the encoded input bits according to a number of bit groups to be shortened and an order among a plurality of orders according to which the bit groups are shortened, wherein the number of bit groups to be shortened is based on a number of bits to be shortened, which is based on a number of the encoded input bits, encoding information bits including the encoded input bits and the shortened one or more bits, using an LDPC code to generate parity bits, puncturing bits in the parity bits based on a puncturing parameter among puncturing parameters, and transmitting a signal generated from the encoded information bits based on the punctured bits. The plurality of orders being based on the puncturing parameters and including first and second orders.

Abstract: Disclosed is a varifocal lens module. A varifocal lens module according to an embodiment includes a lens formed of a flexible and transparent material and having a focal length varying according to a variable shape thereof; at least one driving part expanded or contracted in response to an electric signal; and at least one structural body configured to physically or chemically connect the lens and each driving part.

Abstract: A reflective active variable lens includes an upper electrode, a lower electrode disposed in parallel to the upper electrode, a deformation part disposed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, a reflective part disposed on the upper electrode, and a support part disposed to surround the deformation part. Here, the deformation part and the support part are connected to each other to provide a single structure, the deformation part is expanded from an initial shape when an electric field is formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and the expanded deformation part is contracted when the electric field is removed and restored to the initial shape.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for transmitting and receiving signaling information in a digital broadcasting system. First signaling information for a physical layer is encoded to generate a first coded block. Second signaling information is encoded to generate a second coded block. A frame including the first coded block, the second coded block and at least one physical layer pipe (PLP) data is transmitted. The first signaling information has a fixed number of bits. The second signaling information has a variable number of bits. The first signaling information includes information indicating a forward error correction (FEC) type of the second signaling information for receiving the second information. The second signaling information includes information indicating an FEC type used for a related PLP data.