Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a separation membrane including at least one polymer including a structural unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, Chemical Formula 1 may be as described in the detailed description. Example embodiments also relate to a forward osmosis device including the separation membrane, methods of preparing the polymer of the separation membrane, and methods of manufacturing the separation membrane.

Abstract: A draw solute for forward osmosis may include a copolymer including a first structural unit where a temperature-sensitive side chain is graft polymerized, and a second structural unit including a hydrophilic functional group. The temperature-sensitive side chain may include a structural unit for a side chain including a temperature-sensitive moiety.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a polyacrylonitrile-based copolymer, a method for manufacturing a membrane including the same, a membrane including the same, and a water treatment module using the same. A membrane according to an example embodiment may include a polyacrylonitrile-based copolymer including a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 2, and/or a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 3. The definitions of the above Chemical Formulae 1, 2, and/or 3 may be the same as in the detailed description. Accordingly, the membrane may allow the attainment of a relatively high water permeation amount and a water treatment module having a relatively high energy efficiency.

Abstract: A capacitive deionization device includes; at least one flow path configured for influent water flow, at least one pair of electrodes, at least one charge barrier disposed between the at least one flow path and a corresponding electrode of the at least one pair of electrodes, and at least one electrolyte solution disposed between the at least one electrode of the at least one pair of electrodes and a corresponding charge barrier of the at least one charge barrier, wherein the at least one electrolyte solution is different in at least one of ionic concentration and ionic species from the influent water.