Abstract: An embedded memory card system includes a first CPU, a second CPU, a nonvolatile memory storing data, and a device busy state machine selecting one of the first CPU and the second CPU to access the nonvolatile memory. The nonvolatile memory is accessed by the one of the first CPU and the second CPU selected by the device busy state machine.

Abstract: An electronic information system comprises an external storage device and an application processor. The external storage device stores boot code and the application processor is adapted to receive the boot code from the external storage device and to perform a system booting operation during a power-up operation by executing the boot code.

Abstract: An embedded memory card system includes a CPU, a nonvolatile memory storing a booting code and data, a card slave controller controlling the nonvolatile memory, a card host controller communicating with the card slave controller, and a memory controller controlling a volatile memory. The CPU controls the memory controller to boot the system directly from booting code as it is read from the nonvolatile memory.

Abstract: A method of operating a non-volatile memory can include backing-up first data successfully programmed to a first target page of a non-volatile memory to provide local back-up data. A determination can be made that programming of second data to the first target page has failed and the local back-up data can be programmed to a second target page in a second block of the non-volatile memory.

Abstract: An electronic information system comprises an external storage device and an application processor. The external storage device stores boot code and the application processor is adapted to receive the boot code from the external storage device and to perform a system booting operation during a power-up operation by executing the boot code.

Abstract: Electronic systems using flash memory modules as a main storage, and a booting methods thereof, are provided. The booting method may include reading FAT (file allocation table) information for each of the flash memory modules coupled to the electronic system when it is detected that the number of the flash memory modules coupled to the electronic system has changed, generating SFAT (super-FAT) information including FAT information for each of the flash memory modules, and writing the SFAT information to a boot flash memory module. Thus, device information in the electronic system may be automatically changed when a flash memory module used is inserted or removed.

Abstract: A method of transferring data between a vehicle and a portable terminal and an interface device therefor are provided. According to the method and the device, compatibility can be maintained by normalizing data transfer interface between the vehicle and various portable terminals and an image taken inside or outside the vehicle can be provided to the portable terminal. In addition, interface enabling data communication with a device having an additional function such as an automobile black box can be provided.

Abstract: A flash memory system includes a flash memory for storing input data, and a memory controller controlling the flash memory, wherein the memory controller generates a first error correction code corresponding to the input data, and encrypts the first error correction code, and the flash memory includes a main area for storing the input data and a spare area for storing the encrypted first error correction code.

Abstract: Methods and memory systems are provided that can detect bit errors due to read disturbances. A main page of a flash memory in a memory system is read. A bit error in data that is read from the main page is detected and corrected. In parallel with reading the main page, a bit error is detected in data that is read from a dummy page of the flash memory.

Abstract: Provided is a memory card device. The memory card device includes a flash memory and a controller. The flash memory includes a boot area storing boot data, and a user area storing user data. The controller accesses the boot area or the user area according to an external command. Boot data can be stored in a memory card integrated in an electronic device. Also, when a host requests an access to boot data/user data stored in the memory card, the boot data/user data can be accessed under control of the controller.

Abstract: Electronic systems using flash memory modules as a main storage, and a booting methods thereof, are provided. The booting method may include reading FAT (file allocation table) information for each of the flash memory modules coupled to the electronic system when it is detected that the number of the flash memory modules coupled to the electronic system has changed, generating SFAT (super-FAT) information including FAT information for each of the flash memory modules, and writing the SFAT information to a boot flash memory module. Thus, device information in the electronic system may be automatically changed when a flash memory module used is inserted or removed.

Abstract: A method of operating a non-volatile memory can include backing-up first data successfully programmed to a first target page of a non-volatile memory to provide local back-up data. A determination can be made that programming of second data to the first target page has failed and the local back-up data can be programmed to a second target page in a second block of the non-volatile memory.

Abstract: A memory card includes first group pins, second group pins arranged apart from the first group pins, and a memory controller communicating externally through the first group pins in a legacy mode and communicating externally through the first and second group pins in a fast mode. The memory card including the second group pins, as well as the first group pins, is able to communicate with a host at a high frequency.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of writing data in a flash memory system is provided. The flash memory system forms an address mapping pattern according to a log block mapping scheme. The method includes determining a writing pattern of data to be written in a log block, and allocating one of SLC and MLC blocks to the log block in accordance with the writing pattern of the data.

Abstract: An embedded memory card system includes a CPU, a nonvolatile memory storing a booting code and data, a card slave controller controlling the nonvolatile memory, a card host controller communicating with the card slave controller, and a memory controller controlling a volatile memory. The CPU controls the memory controller to boot the system directly from booting code as it is read from the nonvolatile memory.

Abstract: An electronic information system comprises an external storage device and an application processor. The external storage device stores boot code and the application processor is adapted to receive the boot code from the external storage device and to perform a system booting operation during a power-up operation by executing the boot code.

Abstract: A system for determining an Inverse Discrete Cosine Transformation (IDCT) which utilizes Lee's algorithm. The IDCT system includes initial operating means for receiving discrete cosine transformation data and outputting the result of a first and second addition of the inverse discrete cosine transformation data using Lee's algorithm. Also included are main operation means for receiving the result of the first and second addition of the inverse discrete cosine transformation using Lee's algorithm from the initial operation means and outputting the result of the multiplication operation and butterfly operation of the inverse discrete cosine transformation by using Lee's algorithm.