Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods, systems, and kits for detecting molecules in a sample with a pre-equilibrium digital immunoassay. The methods and systems provide means for quantifying molecules in a biological sample of minimal volume in short amounts of time.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for configuring cell performance using specific anode, cathode, and separator combinations. Separators with significant adhesive properties may be used in forming rechargeable cells, such as lithium-ion cells. The separator with significant adhesive properties may include an adhesive coating, applied on one or both sides of the separator, and/or adhesive material is dissolved or deposited within the separator. The separators with significant adhesive properties may also include one or more ceramic layers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-path converter, which adds a current transfer path using a capacitor to a current transfer path using an inductor to supply a current that is output to an output end (load) to a plurality of parallel paths, thereby reducing a total RMS current flowing through the inductor, and a control method therefor.

Abstract: Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices comprising linear carbonate compounds.

Abstract: Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices comprising an ether compound are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrolyte, and at least one electrolyte additive selected from ether compounds.

Abstract: A multi-path converter and a control method thereof are disclosed. The multi-path converter includes a current transfer path using a capacitor and a current transfer path using an inductor such that a current is output to an output end (load) through a plurality of parallel paths, thereby reducing a total RMS current flowing through the inductor, and a control method therefor.

Abstract: Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices comprising an ether compound are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrolyte, and at least one electrolyte additive selected from ether compounds.

Abstract: Electrolyte additives for energy storage devices comprising compounds containing one, two, or more triple-bonded moieties are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electrolyte composition. Compounds containing one, two, or more triple-bonded moieties may serve as additives to the electrolyte composition.

Abstract: An energy storage device comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises a self-supporting composite material film, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electrolyte in contact with the first electrode, the second electrode, and the separator, wherein the electrolyte comprises at least one of a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate, a fluorine-containing linear carbonate, and a fluoroether. The composite material film having greater than 0% and less than about 90% by weight of silicon particles, and greater than 0% and less than about 90% by weight of one or more types of carbon phases. At least one of the one or more types of carbon phases can be a substantially continuous phase that holds the composite material film together such that the silicon particles are distributed throughout the composite material film.

Abstract: A test circuit includes a control circuit and a counting circuit. The control circuit is configured to control a charging operation and a discharging operation on a test node. The counting circuit is configured to generate counting information by performing a counting operation during a unit measurement interval.

Abstract: Provided herein may be a test circuit, a memory device, a storage device, and a method of operating the same. The word line test circuit may include an operation signal generator configured to generate a plurality of operation signals in response to a test command, a comparison result generator configured to, in response to the plurality of operation signals, generate a target voltage based on a test current, in which a current of a target word line varying with a test voltage is reflected, and to generate a comparison signal based on a result of a comparison between the target voltage and a reference voltage, and a word line defect detector configured to detect a defect in the target word line based on at least one reference count and a count of a reference clock, cycles of which are counted until a level of the comparison signal changes from a first level to a second level.

Abstract: Provided herein may be a test circuit, a memory device, a storage device, and a method of operating the same. The word line test circuit may include an operation signal generator configured to generate a plurality of operation signals in response to a test command, a comparison result generator configured to, in response to the plurality of operation signals, generate a target voltage based on a test current, in which a current of a target word line varying with a test voltage is reflected, and to generate a comparison signal based on a result of a comparison between the target voltage and a reference voltage, and a word line defect detector configured to detect a defect in the target word line based on at least one reference count and a count of a reference clock, cycles of which are counted until a level of the comparison signal changes from a first level to a second level.

Abstract: An apparatus for displaying a floating image is disclosed. The apparatus includes a light source that extends in a planar direction and emits light for realizing the floating image, a collecting lens, which extends parallel to the light source and refracts the light, a reflective plate, which faces the collecting lens and reflects the light that is refracted at the collective lens, and a dihedral reflector array, which extends in a planar direction and includes mirrors extending in directions intersecting each other, where a first surface of the dihedral reflector array facing the reflective plate such that the reflected light is incident on the first surface, and the reflected light is emitted from a second surface of the dihedral reflector array by being reflected by the mirrors, thereby realizing the floating image at a position spaced apart from the second surface.

Abstract: An energy storage device comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electrolyte in contact with the first electrode, the second electrode, and the separator, wherein the electrolyte comprises at least one of a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate, a fluorine-containing linear carbonate, and a fluoroether. The electrolyte may be substantially free of non-fluorine containing cyclic carbonates.

Abstract: Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices comprising a carboxylic ether, a carboxylic acid based salt, or an acrylate electrolyte are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrolyte, and at least one electrolyte additive selected from carboxylic ethers, carboxylic acid based salts, and acrylates.

Abstract: The disclosure herein pertains to a pressure regulation system for use in a silicon dominate anode lithium-ion cell. The pressure regulation system regulates a lifetime pressure on the lithium-ion cell in order to correct for capacity loss and mechanical failure due the expansion of silicon during operation. The pressure regulation system along with a housing maintains a certain pressure range on the lithium-ion cells during the cycling and the operational life of the energy storage device.

Abstract: The disclosure herein pertains to a pressure regulation system for use in a silicon dominate anode lithium-ion cell. The pressure regulation system regulates a lifetime pressure on the lithium-ion cell in order to correct for capacity loss and mechanical failure due the expansion of silicon during operation. The pressure regulation system along with a housing maintains a certain pressure range on the lithium-ion cells during the cycling and the operational life of the energy storage device.

Abstract: Methods of forming electrochemical cells are described. In some implementations, the method can include providing an electrochemical cell having an electrode with at least about 20% to about 99% by weight of silicon. The method can include providing a formation charge current at a first rate and at a second rate to the electrochemical cell. The first rate can be in a range from about C/100 to about C/10 and the second rate can be greater than about C/10.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for using inorganic coatings in silicon-dominant cells.

Abstract: Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices comprising a carboxylic ether, a carboxylic acid based salt, or an acrylate electrolyte are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrolyte, and at least one electrolyte additive selected from carboxylic ethers, carboxylic acid based salts, and acrylates.