Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for partially reducing vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) using an ammonia solution, wherein ammonia is used to convert vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) powder to ammonia vanadate (NH4VO3), which is an intermediate material, after which the ammonia vanadate is heated under normal or reduced pressure in a nitrogen or argon atmosphere and then maintained for a certain period of time to partially reduce the vanadium pentoxide and thereby produce vanadium dioxide (VO2) powder, and vanadium dioxide (VO2) powder produced thereby.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a gate structure including conductive layers and insulating layers that are alternately stacked and including a stair structure for exposing at least one of the conductive layers, a contact plug that extends through the gate structure and that is electrically connected to a uppermost conductive layer that is exposed by the stair structure, and insulating spacers that are disposed between remaining conductive layers, among the conductive layers, and the contact plug. The insulating layers may each have a first thickness, and the insulating spacers may each have a second thickness smaller than the first thickness.

Abstract: A gate driver includes a plurality of gate stages. Each of the plurality of gate stages includes a carry generating circuit outputting a second carry signal having a phase which is later than a phase of a first carry signal, on the basis of a first clock signal and a second clock signal having different phases and a scan generating circuit outputting a scan signal having a phase which differs from phases of the first and second carry signals, on the basis of the first clock signal, the second clock signal, and the first carry signal. Each of the first clock signal, the second clock signal, the first carry signal, and the second carry signal may be a P-type pulse, and the scan signal may be an N-type pulse.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell array (MCA) and a pass transistor unit (PTU). The MCA includes memory block(s) that has source selection line(s) (SSL), word lines (WLs), drain selection line(s) (DSL), and dummy WL(s) (DWL). The PTU includes source pass transistor(s) to selectively transmit a source driving signal (source DS) to the SSL, memory pass transistors (MPTs) to selectively transmit a WL DS to the WLs, respectively, drain pass transistor(s) (PT) to selectively transmit a drain DS to the DSL, and dummy PT(s) to selectively transmit a DWL DS to the DWL. The source DS, the WL DS, the drain DS, and the DWL DS may each be associated with a respective voltage range. Sizes of the source PT, the MPTs, the drain PT, and the dummy PTs are set based on the respective voltage ranges.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes: a coil configured to generate a magnetic field by a current flowing through the coil; a heater configured to be induction heated via the magnetic field; and a controller configured to control the current. The controller is further configured to change a frequency of the current flowing through the coil within a pre-set driving frequency range; and determine whether a magnitude of the current flowing through the coil exceeds a threshold value according to one or more changed frequencies of the current.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image shake correcting module. The image shake correcting module includes an optical module, a first holder, a first drive unit, a second holder, a second drive unit, a third holder, a housing, an outer cover, and a substrate. The optical module may be mounted in an inner space of the first holder. The first drive unit may include a first drive ball, a first magnet and a first coil for primary driving of the first holder. The first holder may be mounted in an inner space of the second holder. The second drive unit may include a second drive ball, a second magnet, and a second coil for secondary driving of the second holder. The second holder may be mounted in an inner space of the third holder. The third holder may be mounted in an inner space of the housing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for recycling a positive electrode material for secondary batteries that can not only safely separate positive electrode materials included in waste batteries without by-products such as acid waste and the like, but also recycle the rapidly increasing amount of waste batteries through a simple and efficient process, thereby significantly reducing social and economic costs.

Abstract: An image sensing device includes: a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements included in a unit pixel and located in a substrate layer; an isolation structure configured to isolate the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements from photoelectric conversion elements included in another unit pixel; a first anti-reflection layer configured to overlap the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements and disposed to be in contact with one surface of the substrate layer; a light guide disposed between the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements and disposed to be in contact with one surface of the substrate layer and the first anti-reflection layer; a grid layer configured to overlap the isolation structure; and a second anti-reflection layer disposed to be in contact with the first anti-reflection layer, the light guide, and the grid layer, wherein the light guide includes a material having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the first anti-reflection layer.

Abstract: A flap automatically-locking active air flap apparatus for a vehicle, includes a four-link mechanism that connects a driveshaft rotated by an actuator and a rotation shaft which separated from the driveshaft and about which the flap is rotated. Force of a traveling wind of a vehicle that rotates the flap and force of an actuator that locks the flap are set to be exerted in different directions when a four-link mechanism closes the flap. Thus, auto-locking is realized in a force equilibrium state. Accordingly, the flap is prevented from being open although the traveling wind of the vehicle applies a wind pressure to the flap. With a function of automatically locking the flap, the actuator producing a same output as an actuator in the related art is used without employing a separate structure, such as a stopper.

Abstract: A tobacco material includes a core including a first tobacco mixture, and a shell surrounding at least a portion of the core and including a second tobacco mixture, wherein the first tobacco mixture includes first tobacco particles and a flavor substance, the second tobacco mixture includes second tobacco particles, and the shell has a surface roughness (Ra) of about 5.0 to about 10.0.

Abstract: An aerosol generating apparatus according to an aspect includes a memory that stores data relating to a state of the aerosol generating apparatus, a display that outputs information relating to the aerosol generating apparatus, and a processor, and the processor detects an abnormal operation of the aerosol generating apparatus based on data stored in the memory, performs self-diagnosis on modules included in the aerosol generating apparatus as the abnormal operation is detected, and controls the display to output a first solution corresponding to an error detected according to the self-diagnosis.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes: a main body including a semi-exterior portion on a surface of which a 1-1st contact electrode and a 1-2nd contact electrode are formed to be apart from each other; a cover detachably coupled to the main body and including a 2-1st contact electrode corresponding to the 1-1st contact electrode and a 2-2nd contact electrode corresponding to the 1-2nd contact electrode; and a controller configured to determine that the cover is mounted on the main body when the 1-1st contact electrode and the 1-2nd contact electrode are electrically connected to each other.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel that has a display region in which an image is displayed, a first adhesive layer disposed below the display panel, a translucent protective film disposed below the first adhesive layer, a fingerprint sensor disposed below the protective film and that overlaps the display region, the first adhesive layer, and the protective film when viewed in a plane, and a cover layer disposed below the protective film and in which an opening for accommodating the fingerprint sensor is formed.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes a heating element of which inner surface have different portions having different structures such that the portions of the heating element may heat corresponding areas of an aerosol generating article which is inserted in the aerosol generating device at different temperatures, thereby providing a good quality of aerosol to the user.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments, an aerosol-generating device may be provided, the aerosol-generating device including: a cigarette insertion detection sensor detecting whether a cigarette is inserted into an accommodation space of the aerosol-generating device; a heater heating the cigarette inserted in the accommodation space; at least one temperature sensor measuring temperatures of at least two locations inside the aerosol-generating device; and a controller configured to determine whether the aerosol-generating device is in an overheated state based on temperatures measured by the temperature sensor when the cigarette inserted into the accommodation space is detected by the cigarette insertion detection sensor, and automatically perform a heating operation using the heater after waiting until the overheated state is finished when it is determined that the aerosol-generating device is in an overheated state.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a gate structure including a cell region and a contact region, a slit structure configured to extend in a first direction through the gate structure, first channel structures disposed in the cell region of the gate structure, and second channel structures disposed in the cell region of the gate structure and disposed to be more adjacent to the contact region of the gate structure than the first channel structures. In a second direction that intersects the first direction, the first channel structures may be spaced apart from the slit structure by a first distance, and the second channel structures may be spaced apart from the slit structure at a second distance.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, an aerosol generating device may include a battery, a first control circuit configured to convert power received from the battery into a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal, a heater configured to heat an aerosol generating article based on the PWM signal received from the first control circuit, and a second control circuit configured to transmit an instruction for causing the first control circuit to generate the PWM signal, in response to a user input to the first control circuit. The first control circuit may determine abnormal operation of the second control circuit, and the second control circuit may determine abnormal operation of the aerosol generating device. Accordingly, the aerosol generating device may determine a more specific operation state and prevent abnormal operation of the heater.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes: a heater configured to heat an aerosol generating substance; a battery configured to supply power to the heater; a thermoelectric element arranged adjacent to the heater, and configured to absorb heat from the heater and convert the absorbed heat into electric power; and a controller configured to charge the battery by using the converted power based on a heating time of the heater.

Abstract: Provided is a method of controlling a temperature of a heater of an aerosol generating device based on temperature and humidity. The method includes detecting an external temperature and an external humidity of the aerosol generating device; determining a temperature profile of the heater; outputting a plurality of adjustment values; determining an adjustment value from among the plurality of adjustment values based on a user input; fine-tuning the temperature profile based on the determined adjustment value; and controlling power supplied to the heater based on the fine-tuned temperature profile, wherein at least one of the temperature profile and the plurality of adjustment values is determined based on at least of the external temperature and the external humidity.