Abstract: An organic light emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes a first compound, a second compound, a third compound, and a fourth compound, and the first compound to the fourth compound satisfy Equations 1 to 8: E1,LUMO?E2,LUMO+0.15 electron volts (eV)??Equation 1 E1,HOMO?E2,HOMO+0.15 eV??Equation 2 E1,T1?E4,T1??Equation 3 E2,T1?E4,T1??Equation 4 E3,T1?E4,T1??Equation 5 E3,LUMO?E2,LUMO+0.1 eV??Equation 6 ?5.6 eV?E3,HOMO??Equation 7 Egap1?Egap3.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a matting agent including polymer particles, a matting polymer composition including a matting agent, and a method of producing polymer particles. The polymer particles may be produced by a simple process using a suspension polymerization method, and is relatively easy to control a degree of crosslinking. In addition, in a case where a matting polymer composition is prepared using a matting agent including the polymer particles, it is possible to manufacture a molded article having excellent appearance and matting effect without deterioration of the existing mechanical properties such as impact strength and tensile strength of a thermoplastic polymer, and in particular, an excellent matting effect may be exerted even in the extrusion processing, which has been difficult to achieve in the related art.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material including a first positive electrode active material including a lithium nickel-manganese-based composite oxide having a nickel content of greater than or equal to about 60 mol % based on about 100 mol % of a total metal excluding lithium and including secondary particles made by agglomerating a plurality of primary particles wherein an average particle diameter (D50) of the secondary particle is about 10 ?m to about 20 ?m, a second positive electrode active material including a lithium nickel-manganese-based composite oxide having a nickel content of greater than or equal to about 60 mol % based on about 100 mol % of a total metal excluding lithium and including single particles wherein an average particle diameter (D50) of each of the single particles is about 2 ?m to about 8 ?m, and a third positive electrode active material includes particles including lithium transition metal phosphate.

Abstract: Disclosed are positive electrode active materials, positive electrodes, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same. Some of the positive electrode active materials include particles of a first positive electrode active material including lithium cobalt-based oxide, and particles of a second positive electrode active material including a layered lithium nickel-manganese-based composite oxide having a nickel content of greater than or equal to about 60 mol % based on 100 mol % of a total metal excluding lithium, wherein the first positive electrode active material or the second positive electrode active material includes a coating layer including yttrium.

Abstract: Disclosed are semiconductor devices, three-dimensional memory devices, and manufacturing methods thereof. A disclosed semiconductor device is a semiconductor device including a transistor, and the transistor may comprise a polycrystalline layer in which crystal grains are vertically oriented, a channel layer in contact with a side surface of the polycrystalline layer and having a structure in which crystal grains are vertically oriented, a source and a drain provided on a first portion and a second portion of the channel layer, respectively, and a gate for controlling an electrical characteristic of the channel layer. The polycrystalline layer may have a discontinuous structure between the source and the drain, the channel layer may have a continuous structure between the source and the drain, and grain boundaries of the channel layer may be arranged in a direction non-parallel to a channel length direction between the source and the drain.

Abstract: Disclosed may be a method for evaluating valet mode driving of a vehicle. The method includes determining whether or not a valet mode entry condition may be satisfied, determining a plurality of driving evaluation factors for valet parking based on at least one of a vehicle status or a driving environment, upon determining that the valet mode entry condition may be satisfied, calculating a valet driving evaluation score by analyzing the determined driving evaluation factors and collecting result values acquired through analysis, and displaying the calculated valet driving evaluation score.

Abstract: A battery pack including a battery cell assembly including a cell block having a plurality of battery cells, and a bottom cover plate under a bottom surface of the cell block, a housing having an opening, and accommodating the battery cell assembly, and a pack cover coupled to the housing and covering the opening, wherein the battery cell assembly and a bottom wall of the housing are spaced apart from each other to form a first space, and wherein the bottom cover plate includes a venting passage in communication with the first space.

Abstract: Provided are methods for forming a circuit pattern on a substrate by a process for circuit pattern formation, such as a semi-additive process (SAP) or a modified semi-additive process (mSAP), using a thin metal foil with low surface roughness.

Abstract: A battery assembly includes a first cell block; a first cover coupled to a first side of the first cell block; and a second cover coupled to a second side of the first cell block opposite the first side. The first cover includes a first extending portion extending from the first cover. The first extending portion includes a first plate spaced apart from a surface of the first cover in a first direction. The first extending portion further includes a second plate between the first plate and the first surface of the first cover.

Abstract: Provided are a hybrid electric vehicle and driving mode control method and apparatus for the same. An engine start request is generated by a heating controller of the vehicle. A second time is determined on basis of a first time between the cancellation of a prevent engine start request and the generation of the engine start request. The engine is controlled so that the engine is further maintained in a started state during the second time after the engine start request is cancelled.

Abstract: A polarizing plate laminate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a polarizing plate; a first adhesive layer and a first separate film which are provided on one surface of the polarizing plate; and a second adhesive layer and a second separate film which are provided on the other surface of the polarizing plate, in which the second separate film has a total thickness of more than 75 ?m and 150 ?m or less.

Abstract: A heating apparatus for a vehicle of an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a body having an accommodation space with one open side surface formed therein; a heat-generating portion which is installed in the open surface of the accommodation space, and provides heat; and an inlet/outlet portion which is connected to the body so that a heat transfer medium can be input/output into/from the accommodation space, wherein, as the heat-generating portion is installed, a flow path that is in communication with the inlet/outlet portion is formed between the body and the heat-generating portion, and thus, the productivity of the items is noticeably improved.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for recycling a positive electrode material for secondary batteries that can not only safely separate positive electrode materials included in waste batteries without by-products such as acid waste and the like, but also recycle the rapidly increasing amount of waste batteries through a simple and efficient process, thereby significantly reducing social and economic costs.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic resonator includes a first electrode disposed on an upper side of a substrate, a piezoelectric layer disposed on an upper surface of the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed on an upper surface of the piezoelectric layer, wherein an upper surface of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode has a recess region, wherein a depth of the recess region is D, a width of the recess region is W, and a resonance frequency is F, and ln is a natural logarithm, and wherein [{ln(D*W)}/(?0.59*F)] is [[ln{0.008 (?m)2}]/{?0.59*(3.5 GHz)}] or more and [[ln{0.022 (?m)2}]/{?0.59*(3.5 GHz)}] or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing a compound of represented by Formula 4 set forth in the present specification, wherein the compound can be effectively used for the synthesis of a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing a compound of chemical Formula 7, or a salt thereof, which is disclosed in the present specification and can be effectively used as a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing a compound of Formula 4 as described in the present description, which may be usefully used for the synthesis of a sphingosine-1-phoaphate receptor agonist.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a crystalline form of a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist and, more particularly, to a crystalline form0- of 1-[1-chloro-6-(3-chloro-1-isopropyl-1H-indazol-5-ylmethoxy)-3,4-dihydro-naphthalen-2-ylmethyl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid of chemical formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A condensed cyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the condensed cyclic compound are provided. The condensed cyclic compound is represented by Formula 1. The A3 ring of Formula 1 is a group represented by Formula 2A or a group represented by Formula 2B. The organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, the organic layer including at least one of the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1.