Abstract: Provided are an audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus in which audio signals can be encoded or decoded so that sound images can be localized at any desired position for each object audio signal. The audio decoding method generating a third downmix signal by combining a first downmix signal extracted from a first audio signal and a second downmix signal extracted from a second audio signal; generating third object-based side information by combining first object-based side information extracted from the first audio signal and second object-based side information extracted from the second audio signal; converting the third object-based side information into channel-based side information; and generating a multi-channel audio signal using the third downmix signal and the channel-based side information.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack includes membrane-electrode assemblies and separators that are closely disposed to both sides of the membrane-electrode assembly. Each membrane-electrode assembly includes an electrolyte membrane, an anode electrode that is formed on one surface of the electrolyte membrane, a cathode electrode that is formed on the other surface of the electrolyte membrane, and a protective layer formed at an oxidant inlet region where oxidant is first injected into the respective cathode electrode.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices that facilitate applying a predefined negative gate voltage to wordlines adjacent to a selected wordline associated with a memory cell selected during a read or verify operation to facilitate reducing adjacent wordline disturb are presented. A memory component can comprise an optimized operation component that can apply a predefined negative gate voltage to wordlines adjacent to a selected wordline associated with a memory cell selected for a read or verify operation, based at least in part on predefined operation criteria, to facilitate reducing adjacent wordline disturb in the selected memory cell to facilitate reducing a shift in the voltage threshold and maintain a desired operation window. The optimized operation component optionally can include an evaluator component that can facilitate determining whether a negative gate voltage applied to adjacent wordlines is to be adjusted to facilitate reducing adjacent wordline disturb below a predetermined threshold amount.

Abstract: Provided are an audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus in which audio signals can be encoded or decoded so that sound images can be localized at any desired position for each object audio signal. The audio decoding method generating a third downmix signal by combining a first downmix signal extracted from a first audio signal and a second downmix signal extracted from a second audio signal; generating third object-based side information by combining first object-based side information extracted from the first audio signal and second object-based side information extracted from the second audio signal; converting the third object-based side information into channel-based side information; and generating a multi-channel audio signal using the third downmix signal and the channel-based side information.

Abstract: A system and methodology that can minimize disturbance during an AC operation associated with a memory, such as, program, read and/or erase, is provided. The system pre-charges all or a desired subset of the bit lines in a memory array to a specified voltage, during an AC operation to facilitate reducing AC disturbances between neighboring cells. A pre-charge voltage can be applied to all bit lines in a block in the memory array, or to bit lines associated with a selected memory cell and neighbor memory cells adjacent to the selected memory cell in the block. The system ensures that source and drain voltage levels can be set to desired levels at the same or substantially the same time, while selecting a memory cell. This can facilitate minimizing AC disturbances in the selected memory cell during the AC operation.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a reformer for generating hydrogen gas from fuel containing hydrogen using a chemical catalytic reaction and thermal energy. At least one electricity generator generates electrical energy by an electrochemical reaction of the hydrogen gas and oxygen. A fuel supply assembly supplies fuel to the reformer, and an oxygen supply assembly supplies oxygen to the at least one electricity generator. A heat exchanger is connected to the reformer and to the at least one electricity generator. The heat exchanger supplies thermal energy of the reformer, during initial operation of the system, to the at least one electricity generator so as to pre-heat the at least one electricity generator.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for preparation of a mesoporous polymer nano-composite material, more particularly, a method for preparation of a meso-porous polymer nano-polymerized composite material which includes: drying a solid material having pores under vacuum at ambient temperature and pressure; adding a first organic solvent to the vacuum dried solid material in the reactor and dispersing the first organic solvent in pores of the solid material by an ultrasonicator to remove air while wetting a surface of the solid material with acetonitrile; adding a constant amount of a material having radicals or functional groups relative to weight of the mixture containing the solid material and the first organic solvent in a reactor, which was prepared in the above step, and agitating the mixture; introducing a polymerization initiator into the reactor containing the mixture prepared in the above step, in order to initiate polymerization of the mixture in the reactor; using a second organic solvent to filter and w

Abstract: Provided are an audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus in which audio signals can be encoded or decoded so that sound images can be localized at any desired position for each object audio signal. The audio decoding method includes extracting a downmix signal and object-based side information from an input audio signal; generating rendering information based on input control data; and generating spatial information based on the rendering information and the object-based side information.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method thereof for providing standby power to a visual display, the apparatus including: a light collection unit which is operable to receive light and output a charging current; a battery which is operable to receive the charging current and providing the standby power to the visual display; and a controller which determines whether the battery has a voltage below a predetermined value, wherein if the voltage is below the predetermined value, the controller controls the battery to receive the charging current from the light collection unit, and wherein if the voltage is not below the predetermined value, the controller controls the battery to provide the standby power to the visual display.

Abstract: An objection identification system includes a virtual object database (DB) in which a plurality of virtual objects is stored and a target virtual object. The virtual objects includes an attribute data set including an attribute value of a real object and a service data set including a service data related to the real object. The target virtual object determining part receives a real object identification data of a target real object previewed by a terminal to compute an attribute value of the target real object, and determines a virtual object having an attribute value matched to an attribute value of the computed target real object of plural virtual objects stored in the virtual object DB as a target virtual object. In this case, a service data included in the service data set of the determined target virtual object by the target virtual object determining part is transmitted to the terminal.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a non-woven fabric for automotive interior materials includes printing on at least one of a front surface and a back surface of the non-woven fabric. Alkaline etching is performed on the front surface of the non-woven fabric.

Abstract: Disclosed is a low-luminance imaging device using a silicon photomultiplier, which includes a first optical portion for collecting incident light, the silicon photomultiplier including a plurality of microcells so that photons of collected light are converted into photoelectrons which are then multiplied, a phosphor screen for converting the multiplied photoelectrons into photons, a second optical portion for transferring the converted photons, and an image sensor for picking-up the transferred photons thus obtaining an image, so that the imaging device has a high photomultiplication factor thereby obtaining an image having good image quality even at low luminance and achieving a low bias voltage and a small size.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method of manufacturing a Ni-based superalloy component for a gas turbine using a one-step process of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and heat treatment, and a component manufactured by the method. In the method, an HIP process and a heat treatment process, which have been performed to manufacture or repair a Ni-based superalloy component for a gas turbine, are performed as a one-step process using an HIP apparatus. Thus, component defects, such as micropores and microcracks, which are generated when casting, welding, or brazing the Ni-based superalloy component for a gas turbine used for a combined cycle thermal power plant or airplane, can be cured using an HIP apparatus at high temperature and high pressure and, at the same time, the physical properties of the Ni-based superalloy component can be optimized using the heat treatment process.

Abstract: A ramp bracket for a curtain airbag cushion of a vehicle may include a cushion storage portion storing the curtain airbag cushion therein, the cushion storage portion having an opening on a first sidewall thereof such that the curtain airbag cushion is deployed through the opening, wherein the first sidewall includes upper and lower surfaces to define the opening, and a shock absorption portion formed under a lower surface of the cushion storage portion and absorbing a shock generated when a passenger collides to the shock absorption portion.

Abstract: A memory device comprising an optimization component that facilitates erasing memory cells in a substantially homogeneous electromagnetic field and methods that facilitate erasing memory cells in a substantially homogeneous electromagnetic field are presented. The optimization component facilitates selecting a subset of memory cells to be erased at the same time, such that a memory cell in the subset of memory cells has two neighbor memory cells adjacent thereto that are in the subset of memory, or one neighbor memory cell adjacent thereto when the memory cell is an end-row memory cell. The optimization component facilitates performing a Fowler-Nordheim channel erase to erase the subset of memory cells, and a predetermined voltage potential associated with an erase command is applied to each cell of the subset of memory cells to facilitate reducing fringing effect associated with the electromagnetic fields applied to the cells during the erase.

Abstract: A display apparatus and a power supplying method are provided. The display apparatus includes a signal receiver which receives a video signal; a signal processor which processes the video signal; a display unit which displays an image based on a video signal processed by the signal processor; and a power supply which converts an alternating current (AC) voltage into a direct current (DC) voltage and supplies an operation voltage to the display unit, the power supply including: a power factor correction (PFC) unit which adjusts the DC voltage and corrects a power factor of the power supply; a detector which detects a plurality of voltages in the power supply and outputs a common detection signal indicating whether at least one of the plurality of voltages is abnormal; and a controller which receives the common detection signal, and controls the PFC unit based on the common detection signal.

Abstract: An interposer chip may include an insulating substrate, conductive patterns, and a test pattern. The conductive patterns may be formed on the insulating substrate. Further, the conductive patterns may be electrically connected to conductive wires. The test pattern may be connected to the conductive patterns. A test current for testing an electrical connection between the conductive patterns and the conductive wires may flow through the test pattern. Thus, the interposer chip may have the test pattern connected to the conductive patterns, so that the test current may flow to the test pattern through the conductive wires and the conductive patterns. As a result, an electrical connection between the conductive wires and the conductive patterns may be identified based on the test current supplied to the test pattern.

Abstract: Provided are a green phosphor for a plasma display panel (PDP) represented by Formula 1 and a PDP including a phosphor layer formed of the same: (Y1-x-yGdx)Al3(BO3)4:Tby??Formula 1 where 0?x<1, 0<y<1 and 0<x+y<1. The luminance saturation characteristic of a green phosphor layer can be improved using the green phosphor for a PDP according to the present embodiments, and the green phosphor can also be mixed with conventionally used green phosphors. Image quality can be improved according to a mixing rate of the green phosphor and conventionally used green phosphors since color reproduction range widens and luminance does not decrease compared to using the conventional green phosphors.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a silicon photomultiplier tube, including: a first type silicon substrate; a cell, each including a first type epitaxial layer formed on the first type silicon substrate, a first type conductive layer formed on the first type epitaxial layer, and a second type conductive layer formed on the first type conductive layer; a separating element located between the cell and a cell adjacent to the cell to separate the cells from each other; and an antireflection coating layer formed on a top surface of the second type conductive layer and an inner wall of the separating element, wherein any one of the first type conductive layer and the second type conductive layer is formed in a plurality of rows.

Abstract: A write strategy method, medium, and apparatus. The method includes writing a signal to a storage medium by using a predetermined power and an initial write strategy, calculating variation characteristics of a data signal which separately correspond to variations of write strategy parameters, if the written signal does not satisfy initial quality standards, and calculating correlations among periods of the data signal and correlations among the write strategy parameters by using the variation characteristics of the data signal, and determining the write strategy parameters based on the correlations among the periods of the data signal and the correlations among the write strategy parameters.