Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device is provided. The method includes: loading a substrate into a substrate processing apparatus; and processing the substrate, using the substrate processing apparatus. The processing the substrate includes: providing a process gas; generating a process etchant from the process gas, using plasma ignition, the process etchant including a first etchant and a second etchant; processing the substrate, using the process etchant; identifying a composition rate of the process etchant; and controlling the processing of the substrate based on a process result according to the composition rate of the process etchant.

Abstract: A method of operating a storage device which includes a non-volatile memory including a normal unit configured to store normal data and a swap unit configured to store swap data and a controller configured to control the non-volatile memory is provided. The method includes receiving the swap data and a unit selection signal for selecting the swap unit from a host; and processing the swap data according to a data processing policy of the swap unit and writing the processed swap data to the swap unit. The data processing policy of the swap unit may be different from a data processing policy of the normal unit.

Abstract: A computing device includes a processor and a non-volatile dual in-line memory module (NVDIMM) connected to the processor. The NVDIMM includes a first memory having a first processing speed and a first storage capacity, a second memory having a second processing speed lower than the first processing speed and a second storage capacity larger than the first storage capacity, and a controller that evicts or fetches data between the first memory and the second memory. When the processor recognizes a first situation to evict data or a second situation to prefetch data, the processor transmits a command including first information of a logical address of data associated with the first situation or the second situation, second information of a length of the data associated with the first situation or the second situation, and third information indicating the first situation or the second situation to the NVDIMM.

Abstract: Provided are a memory device providing fast booting and a memory system including the same. The memory device may include a nonvolatile first memory that stores boot data; a buffer that provides the boot data to a host via a volatile memory interface; and a controller that controls transmission of the boot data from the first memory to the buffer in response to a command from the host.

Abstract: A computing device includes a processor and a non-volatile dual in-line memory module (NVDIMM) connected to the processor. The NVDIMM includes a first memory having a first processing speed and a first storage capacity, a second memory having a second processing speed lower than the first processing speed and a second storage capacity larger than the first storage capacity, and a controller that evicts or fetches data between the first memory and the second memory. When the processor recognizes a first situation to evict data or a second situation to prefetch data, the processor transmits a command including first information of a logical address of data associated with the first situation or the second situation, second information of a length of the data associated with the first situation or the second situation, and third information indicating the first situation or the second situation to the NVDIMM.

Abstract: A memory device capable of performing an overwrite operation, a memory system, and a method of operating the memory system are provided. The method includes receiving one or more write requests, a logical address and data corresponding to the one or more write requests; comparing a result of analyzing at least one of the received one or more write requests, logical address, and data with a threshold value; and writing data using a first update method or a second update method, based on a result of the comparison. When the first update method is selected, the data are written in a region indicated by a physical address corresponding to the logical address according to address mapping information. When the second update method is selected, information of the physical address corresponding to the logical address is changed, and the data are written in a region indicated by the changed physical address.

Abstract: A memory swap operation comprises writing information about a process in which a page fault occurred, into a temporary memory using a processor of a host, copying a page in which the page fault occurred, from a memory device recognized as a swap memory into a main memory of the host, and after completing the copying of the page, resuming the process in which the page fault occurred, using the information about the process, written in the temporary memory.

Abstract: A method of operation of an electronic device comprising a storage device in which a volatile memory device and a non-volatile memory device are embedded include initializing a memory controller connected to the volatile memory device, via a host connected to the storage device; obtaining first and second error-free regions in the volatile memory device by testing the volatile memory device using the memory controller via the host, the second error-free region being different from the first error-free region; generating an address map with respect to a defective cell region of the volatile memory device via the host, based on the testing; and executing program code of an operating system (OS) of the electronic device, the program code of the OS being stored in the non-volatile memory device, the executing including loading the OS to the volatile memory device based on the address map via the host.

Abstract: Provided are a memory device providing fast booting and a memory system including the same. The memory device may include a nonvolatile first memory that stores boot data; a buffer that provides the boot data to a host via a volatile memory interface; and a controller that controls transmission of the boot data from the first memory to the buffer in response to a command from the host.

Abstract: A multi-kiosk-based automatic tteok vending machine is disclosed. In the multi-kiosk-based automatic tteok vending machine according to the present invention, one side of a tteok product container with the material of a corresponding tteok product airtightly packaged therein is bored and high-pressure steam is supplied into the bored tteok product container when a consumer selects a desired kind of tteok product so that tteok can be easily cooked on the spot to be provided, and a variety of information and services are additionally provided to consumers by a multi-kiosk system connected to an external server.

Abstract: A memory device capable of performing an overwrite operation, a memory system, and a method of operating the memory system are provided. The method includes receiving one or more write requests, a logical address and data corresponding to the one or more write requests; comparing a result of analyzing at least one of the received one or more write requests, logical address, and data with a threshold value; and writing data using a first update method or a second update method, based on a result of the comparison. When the first update method is selected, the data are written in a region indicated by a physical address corresponding to the logical address according to address mapping information. When the second update method is selected, information of the physical address corresponding to the logical address is changed, and the data are written in a region indicated by the changed physical address.

Abstract: A memory swap operation comprises writing information about a process in which a page fault occurred, into a temporary memory using a processor of a host, copying a page in which the page fault occurred, from a memory device recognized as a swap memory into a main memory of the host, and after completing the copying of the page, resuming the process in which the page fault occurred, using the information about the process, written in the temporary memory.

Abstract: A method of operating a storage device which includes a non-volatile memory including a normal unit configured to store normal data and a swap unit configured to store swap data and a controller configured to control the non-volatile memory is provided. The method includes receiving the swap data and a unit selection signal for selecting the swap unit from a host; and processing the swap data according to a data processing policy of the swap unit and writing the processed swap data to the swap unit. The data processing policy of the swap unit may be different from a data processing policy of the normal unit.

Abstract: Provided herein are racemic or enantiomerically enriched benzoyl piperidine compounds and pharmaceutically useful salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of racemic or enantiomerically enriched benzoyl piperidine compounds to treat central nervous system diseases and methods of treating central nervous system diseases in a mammal, in particular psychoses and cognition disorders.

Abstract: Provided herein are racemic or enantiomerically enriched benzoyl piperidine compounds and pharmaceutically useful salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of racemic or enantiomerically enriched benzoyl piperidine compounds to treat central nervous system diseases and methods of treating central nervous system diseases in a mammal, in particular psychoses and cognition disorders.