Abstract: Provided is a germanium complex represented by Chemical Formula 1 wherein Y1 and Y2 are independently selected from R3, NR4R5 or OR6, and R1 through R6 independently represent (Ci-C7) alkyl. The provided germanium complex with an amidine derivative ligand is thermally stable, is highly volatile, and does not include halogen components. Therefore, it may be usefully used as a precursor to produce high-quality germanium thin film or germanium-containing compound thin film by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD).

Abstract: Provided is a germanium complex represented by Chemical Formula 1 wherein Y1 and Y2 are independently selected from R3, NR4R5 or OR6, and R1 through R6 independently represent (Ci-C7) alkyl. The provided germanium complex with an amidine derivative ligand is thermally stable, is highly volatile, and does not include halogen components. Therefore, it may be usefully used as a precursor to produce high-quality germanium thin film or germanium-containing compound thin film by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD).

Abstract: A heat exchange element of a heat exchanger prevents losses due to internal pressure non-uniformity. The heat exchanger includes a plurality of heat exchange sheets which are stacked together. A plurality of airflow guide ribs located between the sheets have connection passages that allow gases to flow between adjacent ducts. The flow of gasses through the connection passages offsets pressure non-uniformity between adjacent ducts. Also, the ribs can be continuously arranged over the length of the heat exchange ducts to increase an area supporting the heat exchange sheets, and thus the sag phenomenon of the heat exchange sheet can be prevented.

Abstract: A ventilating apparatus, a heat exchange apparatus, a heat exchange element, and a rib therefor are provided. The heat exchange element includes a plurality of heat exchange sheets which are multi-stacked, and a plurality of ribs arranged between the heat exchange sheets to form ducts with the heat exchange sheets. Each of the plurality of ribs includes an irregular structural surface including an uneven portion. The uneven portion may include a recess portion, a protrusion portion, or a combination of a recess portion and a protrusion portion, which generates a turbulent flow in a heat exchange gas flowing through the duct. Such heat exchange element having such a rib may minimize duct resistance by suppressing a laminar flow and growth of a boundary layer in airflow of outdoor and indoor air passing through a heat exchanger, and may further increase heat exchange efficiency because the heat exchange gas may be introduced/exhausted smoothly at a low flow velocity.